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Research Article| Volume 4, ISSUE 1, P61-70, March 1984

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Reference Values: Are They Useful?

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      To answer the question of whether reference values are useful in clinical decision-making, this article addresses the following major controversies: (1) Are reference subjects representative of the group from which they are selected? (2) To what extent should the process of collecting reference values be standardized and controlled? (3) Can a single distribution of reference values be used in an meaningful way in the process of clinical decision-making.
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