Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 14, ISSUE 2, P203-220, June 1994

Molecular Biology of HIV

  • Didier Trono
    Correspondence
    Address reprint requests to Didier Trono, MD, Infectious Disease Laboratory, The Salk Institute, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1099.
    Affiliations
    From the Infectious Disease Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California
    Search for articles by this author
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-2712(18)30375-5
Molecular Biology of HIV
Previous ArticlePreface
Next ArticleHIV-Induced T-Lymphocyte Depletion
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.
      This article reviews the molecular events involved in HIV replication. A special emphasis is placed on aspects most relevant to AIDS pathogenesis and on recent discoveries.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Register: Create an account
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Acres B.R.
        • Colon P.J.
        • Mochizuki D.Y.
        • et al.
        Rapid phosphorylation and modulation of the T4 antigen on cloned helper T cells induced by phorbol myristate acetate or antigen.
        J Biol Chem. 1986; 34: 16210
        • Ahmad N.
        • Venkatesan S.
        Nef protein of HIV-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 LTR.
        Science. 1988; 241: 1481
        • Aiken C.
        • Konner J.
        • Landau N.R.
        • et al.
        Nef induces CD4 endocytosis: Requirement for a critical di-leucine motif in the membrane-proximal CD4 cytoplasmic domain.
        Cell. 1994; 76: 1
        • Allan J.S.
        • Coligan J.E.
        • Lee T-H
        • et al.
        A new HTLV-III/LAV encoded antigen detected by antibodies from AIDS patients.
        Science. 1985; 230: 810
        • Altman A.
        • Coggeshall K.M.
        • Mustelin T.
        Molecular events mediating T cell activation.
        Adv Immunol. 1990; 48: 227
        • Anderson S.
        • Shugars D.C.
        • Swanstrom R.
        • et al.
        Nef from primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 suppresses surface CD4 expression in human and mouse T cells.
        J Virol. 1993; 67: 4923
        • Arya S.K.
        • Guo C.
        • Josephs S.F.
        • et al.
        Trans-activator gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III).
        Science. 1985; 229: 69
        • Benson R.E.
        • Sanfridson A.
        • Ottinger J.S.
        • et al.
        Downregulation of cell-surface CD4 expression by simian immunodeficiency virus Nef prevents viral super infection.
        J Exp Med. 1993; 177: 1561
        • Bukrinsky M.I.
        • Haggerty S.
        • Dempsey M.P.
        • et al.
        A nuclear targeting signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells.
        Nature (London). 1993; 365: 666
        • Bushman F.D.
        • Fujiwara T.
        • Craigie R.
        Retroviral DNA integration directed by HIV IN protein in vitro.
        Science. 1990; 259: 1555
        • Cohen E.A.
        • Dehni G.
        • Sodroski J.G.
        • et al.
        Human immunodeficiency virus vpr product is a virion-associated regulatory protein.
        J Virol. 1990; 64: 3097
        • Craigie R.
        • Fujiwara T.
        • Bushman F.
        The IN protein of Moloney murine leukemia virus processes the viral DNA ends and accomplishes their integration in vitro.
        Cell. 1990; 62: 829
        • Crise B.
        • Buonocore L.
        • Rose J.K.
        CD4 is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein precursor.
        J Virol. 1990; 64: 5585
        • Crise B.
        • Rose J.K.
        Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein precursor retains a CD4-p56lck complex in the endoplasmic reticulum.
        J Virol. 1992; 66: 2296
        • Cullen B.R.
        Human immunodeficiency virus as a prototypic complex retrovirus.
        J Virol. 1991; 65: 1053
        • Cullen B.R.
        The HIV-1 Tat protein: An RNA sequence-specific processivity factor?.
        Cell. 1990; 63: 655
        • de Ronde A.
        • Klaver B.
        • Keulen W.
        • et al.
        Natural HIV-1 NEF accelerates virus replication in primary human lymphocytes.
        Virology. 1992; 188: 391
        • Feinberg M.B.
        • Baltimore D.
        • Frankel A.D.
        The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991; 77: 4045

      19. Garcia JV, Miller AD: Serine phosphorylation-independent downregulation of cell-surface CD4 by nef. Nature (London) 350:1991

        • Gaynor R.
        Cellular transcription factors involved in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression.
        AIDS. 1992; 6: 347
        • Gabuzda D.H.
        • Lawrence K.
        • Langhoff E.
        • et al.
        Role of vif in replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in CD4+ T lymphocytes.
        J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1991; 4: 34
        • Gelderblom H.R.
        Assembly and morphology of HIV: Potential effect of structure on viral function.
        AIDS. 1991; 5: 617
        • Glaichenhaus N.
        • Shastri N.
        • Littman D.R.
        • et al.
        Requirement for association of p56lck with CD4 in antigen-specific signal transduction in T cells.
        Cell. 1991; 64: 511
        • Guy B.
        • Kieny M.P.
        • Riviere Y.
        • et al.
        HIV F/3′ orf encodes a phosphorylated GTP-binding protein resembling an oncogene product.
        Nature (London). 1987; 330: 266
        • Hammes S.R.
        • Dixon E.P.
        • Malim M.H.
        • et al.
        Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Evidence against its role as a transcriptional inhibitor.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989; 86: 9549
        • Harouse J.M.
        • Bhat S.
        • Spitalnik S.L.
        • et al.
        Inhibition of entry of HIV-1 in neural cell lines by antibodies against galactosyl ceramide.
        Science. 1991; 253: 320
        • Hattori N.
        • Michaels F.
        • Fargnoli K.
        • et al.
        The human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vpr gene is essential for productive infection of human macrophages.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990; 87: 8080
        • Haughn L.
        • Gratton S.
        • Caron L.
        • et al.
        Association of tyrosine kinase p56lck with CD4 inhibits the induction of growth through the αß T-cell receptor.
        Nature (London). 1992; 358: 328
        • Jacks T.
        • Power M.D.
        • Masiarz F.R.
        • et al.
        Characterization of ribosomal frameshifting in HIV-1 gag-pol expression.
        Nature (London). 1988; 331: 280
        • Kappes J.C.
        • Conway J.A.
        • Lee S.W.
        • et al.
        Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 vpx protein augments viral infectivity.
        Virology. 1991; 184: 197
        • Kestler H.W.
        • Ringler D.J.
        • Mori K.
        • et al.
        Importance of the nef gene for maintenance of high virus loads and for development of AIDS.
        Cell. 1991; 65: 651
        • Kim S.
        • Byrn R.
        • Groopman J.
        • et al.
        Temporal aspects of DNA and RNA synthesis during human immunodeficiency virus infection: Evidence for differential gene expression.
        J Virol. 1989; 63: 3708
        • Kim S.
        • Ikeuchi K.
        • Byrn R.
        • et al.
        Lack of a negative influence on viral growth by the nef gene of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989; 86: 9544
        • Klimkait T.
        • Strebei K.
        • Hoggan M.D.
        • et al.
        The human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific protein vpu is required for efficient virus maturation and release.
        J Virol. 1990; 64: 621
        • Klotman M.E.
        • Kim S.
        • Buchbinder A.
        • et al.
        Kinetics of expression of multiply spliced RNA in early human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of lymphocytes and monocytes.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991; 88: 5011
        • Laspia M.F.
        • Rice A.P.
        • Mathews M.B.
        HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation.
        Cell. 1989; 59: 283
        • Lawrence J.B.
        • Cochrane A.W.
        • Johnson C.V.
        • et al.
        The HIV-1 Rev protein: A model system for coupled RNA transport and translation.
        New Biol. 1991; 3: 1220
        • Levy D.N.
        • Fernandes L.S.
        • Williams W.V.
        • et al.
        Induction of cell differentiation by human immunodeficiency virus 1 vpr.
        Cell. 1993; 72: 541
        • Lewis P.
        • Hensel M.
        • Emerman M.
        Human immunodeficiency virus infection of cells arrested in the cell cycle.
        EMBO J. 1992; 11: 3053
        • Lori R.
        • di Marzo Veronese F.
        • De Vico A.L.
        • et al.
        Viral DNA carried by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions.
        J Virol. 1992; 66: 5067
        • Luciw P.A.
        • Cheng-Mayer C.
        • Levy J.A.
        Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus: The or/-B region down-regulates virus replication.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987; 84: 1434
        • Malim M.H.
        • Cullen B.R.
        HIV-1 structural gene expression required the binding of multiple Rev monomers to the viral RRE: Implications for HIV-1 latency.
        Cell. 1991; 65: 241
        • Niederman T.M.J.
        • Thielan B.J.
        • Ratner L.
        Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 negative factor is a transcriptional silencer.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989; 86: 1128
        • Pomerantz R.G.
        • Seshamma T.
        • Trono D.
        Efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 requires a threshold level of Rev: Potential implications for latency.
        J Virol. 1992; 66: 1809
        • Pomerantz R.J.
        • Feinberg M.B.
        • Trono D.
        • et al.
        Lipopolysaccharide is a potent monocyte/macrophage-specific stimulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression.
        J Exp Med. 1990; 172: 253
        • Seshamma T.
        • Bagasra O.
        • Trono D.
        • et al.
        Blocked early-stage latency in the peripheral blood cells of certain HIV-l-infected individuals.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992; 89: 10663
        • Sodroski J.
        Structure and function of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins.
        ATIN. 1993; 5: 1
        • Skowronski J.
        • Parks D.
        • Mariani R.
        Altered T cell activation and development in transgenic mice expressing the HIV-1 nef gene.
        EMBO J. 1993; 12: 703
        • Stevenson M.
        • Meier C.
        • Mann A.M.
        • et al.
        Envelope glycoprotein of HIV induces interference and cytolysis resistance in CD4+ cells: Mechanism for persistence in AIDS.
        Cell. 1988; 53: 483
        • Trono D.
        Partial reverse transcripts in virions from human immunodeficiency and murine leukemia viruses.
        J Virol. 1992; 66: 4893
        • Varmus H.E.
        • Swanstrom R.
        Replication of retroviruses.
        in: Weiss R. Teich N. Varmus H. RNA Tumor Viruses. ed 2. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY1985: 74
        • Veillette A.
        • Bookman M.A.
        • Horak E.M.
        • et al.
        Signal transduction through the CD4 receptor involves the activation of the internal membrane tyrosine-protein kinase p56lck.
        Nature (London). 1989; 338: 257
        • von Schwedler U.
        • Song J.
        • Aiken C.
        • et al.
        vif is crucial for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral DNA synthesis in infected cells.
        J Virol. 1993; 67: 4945
        • Weyand C.M.
        • Goronzy J.
        • Fathman C.G.
        Modulation of CD4 by antigenic activation.
        J Immunol. 1987; 138: 1351
        • Willey R.L.
        • Maldarelli F.
        • Martin M.A.
        • et al.
        Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein induces rapid degradation of CD4.
        J Virol. 1992; 66: 7193
        • Willey R.L.
        • Maldarelli F.
        • Martin M.A.
        • et al.
        Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpu protein regulates the formation of intracellular gpl60-CD4 complexes.
        J Virol. 1992; 66: 226
        • Yu X.
        • Yuan X.
        • Matsuda Z.
        • et al.
        The matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is required for incorporation of viral envelope protein into mature virions.
        J Virol. 1992; 66: 5966
        • Zazopoulos E.
        • Haseltine W.S.
        Mutational analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Eli Nef function.
        Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992; 89: 6634

      Article info

      Footnotes

      As a Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences, the author receives support from the Pew Charitable Trust.

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-2712(18)30375-5

      Copyright

      © 1994 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

      ScienceDirect

      Access this article on ScienceDirect

      The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals.


      We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To update your cookie settings, please visit the Cookie Preference Center for this site.
      Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. except certain content provided by third parties.


      RELX