Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 16, ISSUE 2, P395-406, June 1996

Hepatitis B and C Viruses and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

  • Michael C. Kew
    Correspondence
    Address reprint requests to: Michael C. Kew, PhD, MD, DSc, FRCP, Department of Medicine, Witwatersrand University Medical School, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
    Affiliations
    From the Medical Research Council /University Molecular Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
    Search for articles by this author
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-2712(18)30276-2
Hepatitis B and C Viruses and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Previous ArticleAlcohol and Other Chemicals in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Next ArticleMolecular Variants of Hepatitis B Virus
      This paper is only available as a PDF. To read, Please Download here.
      This article focuses on probable mechanisms of hepatitis B virus- and hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and includes a discussion on whether the two viruses interact in hepato-cellular carcinogenesis. Possible interactions between these viruses and alcohol abuse in tumor development are considered as well. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the cause and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma, much remains to be learned.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Register: Create an account
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Arbuthnot P.
        • Kew M.C.
        • Fitschen W.
        c-fos and c-myc oncogene expression in human hepatocellular carcinomas.
        Anticancer Res. 1991; 11: 921
        • Beasley R.P.
        • Hwang L-Y
        Epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma.
        in: Vyas GN Dienstag JL Hoofnagle JH Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease. Grune & Stratton, Orlando1984: 209
        • Benvegnu L.
        • Fattovich G.
        • Noventa F.
        • et al.
        Concurrent hepatitis B and C virus infection and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis.
        Cancer. 1994; 74: 2442
        • Beral V.
        • Blum H.
        • Buendia M-A
        • et al.
        Hepatitis Viruses, vol 59. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon1994: 202
        • Botha J.F.
        • Ritchie M.J.J.
        • Dusheiko G.M.
        • et al.
        Hepatitis B virus carrier state in black children in Ovamboland: Role of perinatal and horizontal infection.
        Lancet. 1984; 2: 1210
        • Brechot C.
        • Nalpas B.
        • Courouce A.M.
        • et al.
        Evidence that hepatitis B virus has a role in liver cell carcinoma in alcoholic liver disease.
        N Engl J Med. 1982; 306: 1384
        • Bressac B.
        • Kew M.C.
        • Wands J.R.
        • et al.
        Selective G to T mutations of p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma from southern Africa.
        Nature. 1991; 350: 429
        • Bruix J.
        • Barrera J.M.
        • Calvet X.
        • et al.
        Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Spanish patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis.
        Lancet. 1989; 2: 1004

      9. Buendia MA, Etiemble J, Degott C, et al: Primary hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice carrying a woodchuck c-myc gene activated by hepadnaviral insertion. In Cilberto B, Cortese U, Schibier U, et al (eds): Gene Expression During Liver Differentiation and Disease. IRNBM, 1991, p 187

        • Chisari F.V.
        • Klopchin K.
        • Moriyama T.
        • et al.
        Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B transgenic mice.
        Cell. 1989; 5: 1145
        • Chuang W-L
        • Chang W-Y
        • Lu S.N.
        • et al.
        The role of hepatitis B and C viruses in hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B endemic area: A case/control study.
        Cancer. 1992; 69: 2052
        • Cobden I.
        • Bassendine M.F.
        • James O.F.W.
        Hepatocellular carcinoma in north-east England: Importance of hepatitis B virus infection and ex-tropical miltary service.
        Q J Med. 1986; 60: 855
        • Colombo M.
        • De Franchis R.
        • Del Ninno E.
        Hepatocellular carcinoma in Italian patients with cirrhosis.
        N Engl J Med. 1991; 325: 675
        • de The H.
        • Marchio A.
        • Tiollais P.
        • et al.
        A novel steroid thyroid hormone receptor-related gene inappropriately expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Nature. 1987; 330: 667
        • Di Mitri M.S.
        • Poussin K.
        • Baccarini P.
        HCV-associated liver cancer without cirrhosis.
        Lancet. 1995; 345: 413
        • Feitelsohn M.A.
        • Zhu M.
        • Duan L-X
        • et al.
        Hepatitis B X antigen and p53 are associated in vitro and in liver tissues from patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Oncogene. 1993; 8: 1109-1117
        • Fourel J.
        • Trepo C.
        • Bougueleret L.
        • et al.
        Frequent activation of n-myc genes by hepad-navirus insertion in woodchuck liver tumours.
        Nature. 1990; 347: 249
        • Fowler M.J.F.
        • Greenfield C.
        • Chu C.M.
        • et al.
        Integration of HBV DNA may not be a prerequisite for the maintenance of the state of malignant transformation.
        J Hepatol. 1986; 2: 218
        • Freeman B.A.
        • Crapo J.D.
        Biology of disease: Free radicles and tissue injury.
        Lab Invest. 1982; 47: 412
        • Gerber M.A.
        • Shieh Y.S.C.
        • Shim K.S.
        • et al.
        Detection of replicative hepatitis C virus sequences in hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Am J Pathol. 1992; 141: 1271
        • Gerin J.L.
        • Tennant B.C.
        • Popper H.
        • et al.
        The woodchuck model of hepadnavirus infection and disease.
        in: Brown F Chanock F Lerner R Vaccine ‘86: New Approaches to Immunization. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor NY1986: 383
        • Haydon G.N.
        • Jarvis L.M.
        • Simmonds P.
        Association between chronic hepatitis C virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Lancet. 1995; 345: 928
        • Hsu T-Y
        • Moroy T.
        • Etiemble J.
        • et al.
        Activation of c-myc by woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Cell. 1988; 55: 627
        • Hsu T.
        • Fourel J.
        • Etiemble J.
        • et al.
        Integration of hepatitis B virus DNA near c-myc in woodchuck hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Gastroenterol Jpn. 1990; 25: 43
        • Kaklamani E.
        • Trichopoulos D.
        • Tzonou A.
        • et al.
        Hepatitis B and C viruses and their interaction in the origin of hepatocellular carcinoma.
        JAMA. 1991; 265: 1974
        • Kekule A.S.
        • Lauer U.
        • Meyer M.
        • et al.
        The preS/S region of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA encodes a transcriptional transactivator.
        Nature. 1990; 343: 457
        • Kew M.C.
        Hepatoma and the hepatitis B virus.
        in: Vyas GN Cohen SN Schmid R Viral Hepatitis. Franklin Institute Press, Philadelphia1978: 439
        • Kew M.C.
        The possible etiologic role of hepatitis B virus in hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence from southern Africa.
        in: Chisari FV Advances in Hepatitis Research. Masson, New York1984: 203
        • Kew M.C.
        The hepatitis B virus and the genesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
        GI Cancer. 1996; 1: 143-148
        • Kew M.C.
        Hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma.
        FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1994; 14: 211
        • Kew M.C.
        • Popper H.
        Relationship between hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis.
        Semin Liver Dis. 1984; 4: 136

      32. Kew MC: Hepatitis C virus infection in black patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in southern Africa. In Nishioka K (ed): Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Princeton, Princeton Scientific Publishing, 1996, in press

        • Kim C.M.
        • Koike K.
        • Saito I.
        • et al.
        HBx gene of hepatitis B virus induces liver cancer in transgenic mice.
        Nature. 1991; 351: 317
        • Koff R.S.
        • Dienstag J.L.
        Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C and the association with alcoholic liver disease.
        Semin Liver Dis. 1995; 15: 101
        • Lee T-H
        • Elledge S.J.
        • Butei J.S.
        Hepatitis B virus X protein interacts with a probable cellular DNA repair protein.
        J Virol. 1995; 69: 1107-1114
        • Lehmann F.G.
        • Martini G.A.
        Incidence of primary liver carcinoma in liver cirrhosis: 5 year prospective study.
        Digestion. 1976; 14: 530
        • Lohiya G.
        • Pirkle H.
        • Hoefs J.
        • et al.
        Hepatocellular carcinoma in young mentally retarded HBsAg carriers without cirrhosis.
        Hepatology. 1985; 5: 824
        • Marion P.L.
        • Oshiro L.S.
        • Popper H.
        • et al.
        Ground squirrel hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
        in: Robinson WS Koike K Will H Hepadnaviruses. Alan R. Liss, New York1987: 337
        • Matsubara K.
        • Tokino T.
        Integration of hepatitis B virus DNA and its implications for hepatocarcinogenesis.
        Mol Med Biol. 1990; 7: 243
        • Momand S.
        • Zambetti G.P.
        • Olson D.C.
        • et al.
        The MDM-2 oncogene product forms a complex with the p53 protein and inhibits p53 mediated transactivation.
        Cell. 1992; 69: 1237-1245
        • Nakanuma Y.
        • Ohto G.
        Morphology of cirrhosis and occurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholics with and without HBsAg and in non-alcoholic HBsAg positive patients.
        Liver. 1983; 3: 231
        • Nalpas B.
        • Driss F.
        • Pol S.
        • et al.
        Association between hepatitis B and C virus infections in hepatocellular carcinoma and alcoholic liver disease.
        J Hepatol. 1991; 12: 70
        • Nousbaum J.B.
        • Pol S.
        • Nalpas B.
        • et al.
        Hepatitis C virus type lb (II) infection in France and Italy.
        Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122: 161
        • Obata H.
        • Hayashi N.
        • Moroike K.
        • et al.
        A prospective study of the development of hepatocellular carcinoma from liver cirrhosis with persistent hepatitis B virus infection.
        Int J Cancer. 1980; 25: 741
        • Ochiya T.
        • Fugiyama J.
        • Fukushige J.
        • et al.
        Molecular cloning of an oncogene from a human hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Proc Natl Acad Sei USA. 1986; 83: 4993
        • Onishi K.
        • Iida S.
        • Iwana S.
        • et al.
        The effect of habitual alcohol intake on the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Cancer. 1982; 49: 672
        • Parkin D.M.
        • Piani P.
        • Ferlay J.
        Estimates of the world wide incidence of 18 major cancers.
        Int J Cancer. 1993; 54: 594
        • Pasquinelli C.
        • Bavani K.
        • Chisari F.V.
        Multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are structurally and functionally intact during hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice.
        Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 2823
        • Popper H.
        • Roth L.
        • Purcell R.H.
        • et al.
        Hepatocarcinogenicity of the woodchuck hepatitis virus.
        Proc Natl Acad Sei USA. 1987; 84: 866
        • Poynard T.
        • Aubert A.
        • Lazizi Y.
        • et al.
        Independent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in French drinkers.
        Hepatology. 1991; 3: 896
        • Prince A.M.
        • Szmuness W.
        • Michon J.
        • et al.
        A case/control study of the association between primary liver cancer and hepatitis B infection in Senegal.
        Int J Cancer. 1975; 16: 376
        • Robinson W.S.
        • Klote L.
        • Aoki N.
        Hepadnaviruses in cirrhotic liver and hepatocellular carcinoma.
        J Med Virol. 1990; 31: 18
        • Rogier C.E.
        • Sherman M.
        • Shafritz D.A.
        • et al.
        Deletion in chromosome lip associated with hepatitis B virus integration site.
        Science. 1985; 230: 319-322
        • Shafritz D.A.
        • Shouval D.
        • Sherman H.I.
        Assessment of hepatitis B virus integration state in chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies in percutaneous biopsies and postmortem liver tissues.
        N Engl J Med. 1981; 305: 1067
        • Shirakata Y.
        • Kawada M.
        • Fujiki Y.
        • et al.
        The X gene of hepatitis B virus induced growth stimulation and tumorigenic transformation in mouse NIH3T3 cells.
        Jpn J Cancer Res. 1989; 80: 617
        • Simonetti R.G.
        • Camma C.
        • Fiorella F.
        Hepatitis C virus infection as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis.
        Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116: 97
        • Simonetti R.G.
        • Cottone M.
        • Craxi A.
        • et al.
        Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Lancet. 1989; 2: 1338
        • Slagle B.L.
        • Lee T-H
        • Butei J.S.
        Hepatitis B virus and hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Prog Med Virol. 1992; 39: 167
        • Szmuness W.
        Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus: Evidence for a causal association.
        Prog Med Virol. 1978; 24: 40
        • Tarao K.
        • Ohkawa S.
        • Shimuzu A.
        Significance of hepatocellular proliferation in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma from antibody to hepatitis C virus-positive cirrhotic patients.
        Cancer. 1994; 73: 1149
        • Truant T.
        • Antunovic J.
        • Greenblatt J.
        • et al.
        Direct interaction of the hepatitis B virus X protein with p53 leads to the inhibition by HBX of p53 response element-directed transactivation.
        J Virol. 1995; 69: 1851
        • Tsai S-L
        • Liaw Y-F
        • Yeh C-T
        Cellular immune responses in patients with dual infection with hepatitis B and C viruses: Dominant role of hepatitis C virus.
        Hepatology. 1995; 21: 908
        • Tsukuma H.
        • Hiyama T.
        • Tanaka S.
        Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with chronic liver disease.
        N Engl J Med. 1993; 328: 1797
        • Ueda H.
        • Ullrich S.J.
        • Gangemii J.D.
        • et al.
        Functional inactivation but not structural mutation of p53 causes cancer.
        Nature Genet. 1995; 9: 41-47
        • Unsal H.
        • Yakicier C.
        • Marcais C.
        • et al.
        Genetic heterogeneity of hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Proc Natl Acad Sei USA. 1994; 91: 822-826
        • Vargas V.
        • Castells L.
        • Esteban J.I.
        High frequency of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Ann Intern Med. 1990; 112: 232
        • Walter E.
        • Blum H.E.
        • Meier P.
        • et al.
        Hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic liver disease: No evidence for a pathogenetic role for hepatitis B virus infection.
        Hepatology. 1988; 8: 745
        • Wang J.C.
        DNA topoisomerases.
        Ann Rev Biochem. 1985; 54: 665
        • Wang J.
        • Chenivesse X.
        • Henglein B.
        • et al.
        Hepatitis B virus integration in a cyclin A gene in hepatocellular carcinoma.
        Nature. 1990; 343: 555
        • Wang W.
        • London W.T.
        • Feitelsohn M.A.
        Hepatitis B X antigen in hepatitis B virus carrier patients with liver cancer.
        Cancer Res. 1991; 51: 4971-4977
        • Wang X.W.
        • Forrester K.
        • Feitelsohn M.A.
        • et al.
        Hepatitis B virus X protein inhibits p53 sequence-specific DNA binding, transcriptional activity, and association with transcription factor ERCC3.
        Proc Natl Acad Sei USA. 1994; 91: 2230-2234
        • Witte O.N.
        • Rosenberg N.
        • Paskind M.
        • et al.
        Identification of an Abelson murine leukemia virus-encoded protein present in transformed fibroblasts and lymphoid cells.
        Proc Natl Acad Sei USA. 1978; 75: 2488
        • Yu M.C.
        • Tong M.J.
        • Coursaget P.
        • et al.
        Prevalence of hepatitis B and C viral markers in black and white patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
        J Natl Cancer Inst. 1990; 82: 1038

      Article info

      Identification

      DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-2712(18)30276-2

      Copyright

      © 1996 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

      ScienceDirect

      Access this article on ScienceDirect

      The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals.


      We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. To update your cookie settings, please visit the Cookie Preference Center for this site.
      Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. except certain content provided by third parties.


      RELX