Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Clinics in Laboratory MedicineAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- The emergence of Lyme disease.J Clin Invest. 2004; 113: 1093-1101
- Lyme disease diagnosis: serology.Clin Lab Med. 2015; (in press)
- Spirochetes isolated from the blood of two patients with Lyme disease.N Engl J Med. 1983; 308: 740-742
- Cultivation of Borrelia hermsi.Science. 1971; 173: 443-444
- Isolation and cultivation of Lyme disease spirochetes.Yale J Biol Med. 1984; 57: 521-525
- Standardization of medium for culturing Lyme disease spirochetes.J Clin Microbiol. 1993; 31: 1251-1255
- Effects of bovine serum albumin on the ability of Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium to detect Borrelia burgdorferi.J Clin Microbiol. 1990; 28: 363-365
- Comparison of five diagnostic modalities for direct detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with early Lyme disease.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012; 73: 243-245
- Laboratory diagnostic techniques for patients with early Lyme disease associated with erythema migrans: a comparison of different techniques.Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 33: 2023-2027
- Improved culture conditions for the growth and detection of Borrelia from human serum.Int J Med Sci. 2013; 10: 362-376
- Reply to “no evidence for contamination of Borrelia blood cultures: a review of facts”.J Clin Microbiol. 2014; 52: 1804
- Concerns regarding a new culture method for Borrelia burgdorferi not approved for the diagnosis of Lyme disease.MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014; 63: 333
- Borrelia burgdorferi binds to, invades, and colonizes native type I collagen lattices.Infect Immun. 2004; 72: 3138-3146
- Increased DNA yield following enzymatic release of Borrelia from a collagen matrix in culture.Journal of Microbiology and Experimentation. 2015; 2: 00037
- Immune capture and detection of Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in urine, blood, or tissues from infected ticks, mice, dogs, and humans.J Clin Microbiol. 1991; 29: 1162-1170
- The use of hydrogel microparticles to sequester and concentrate bacterial antigens in a urine test for Lyme disease.Biomaterials. 2011; 32: 1157-1166
- Evaluation of two commercially available rapid diagnostic tests for Lyme borreliosis.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015; 34: 109-113
- The T-cell proliferative assay in the diagnosis of Lyme disease.Ann Intern Med. 1991; 115: 533-539
- Lymphoproliferative responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with erythema migrans, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, lymphadenosis benigna cutis, and morphea.Arch Dermatol. 1995; 131: 673-677
- The lymphocyte transformation test for Borrelia detects active Lyme borreliosis and verifies effective antibiotic treatment.Open Neurol J. 2012; 6: 104-112
- Lymphoproliferative responses to Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease.Ann Intern Med. 1991; 114: 285-289
- Prominent T lymphocyte response to Borrelia burgdorferi from peripheral blood of unexposed donors.Eur J Immunol. 1994; 24: 320-324
- Decreased CD57 lymphocyte subset in patients with chronic Lyme disease.Immunol Lett. 2001; 76: 43-48
- Natural killer cell counts are not different between patients with post-Lyme disease syndrome and controls.Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009; 16: 1249-1250
- Borrelia.in: Jorgensen J.H. Pfaller M.A. Carroll K.C. Manual of clinical microbiology. 11th edition. ASM Press, Washington, DC2015: 1037-1054
- Coinfections acquired from ixodes ticks.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006; 19: 708-727
- Isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from blood of adult patients with borrelial lymphocytoma, Lyme neuroborreliosis, Lyme arthritis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.Infection. 2011; 39: 35-40
- A LightCycler TaqMan assay for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in clinical samples.Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2007; 57: 137-143
- Molecular and serological diagnosis of Borrelia burgdorferi infection among patients with diagnosed erythema migrans.Ann Agric Environ Med. 2007; 14: 209-213
- Rapid and sensitive quantification of Borrelia burgdorferi-infected mouse tissues by continuous fluorescent monitoring of PCR.J Clin Microbiol. 1999; 37: 987-992
- Quantitative detection of Borrelia burgdorferi by real-time PCR.J Clin Microbiol. 1999; 37: 1958-1963
- Rapid differentiation of Borrelia garinii from Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by LightCycler fluorescence melting curve analysis of a PCR product of the recA gene.J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38: 2756-2759
- Genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi in Lyme disease patients as determined by culture versus direct PCR with clinical specimens.J Clin Microbiol. 1999; 37: 565-569
- Molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical implications.Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999; 12: 633-653
- Association of specific subtypes of Borrelia burgdorferi with hematogenous dissemination in early Lyme disease.J Infect Dis. 1999; 180: 720-725
- Four clones of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto cause invasive infection in humans.Infect Immun. 1999; 67: 3518-3524
- Conservation and heterogeneity of vlsE among human and tick isolates of Borrelia burgdorferi.Infect Immun. 2000; 68: 1714-1718
- Differentiation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato on the basis of RNA polymerase gene (rpoB) sequences.J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38: 2557-2562
- Diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis.Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005; 18: 484-509
- Molecular diagnosis of Lyme disease: review and meta-analysis.Mol Diagn. 2001; 6: 1-11
- PCR in laboratory diagnosis of human Borrelia burgdorferi infections.Clin Microbiol Rev. 1997; 10: 185-201
- Target imbalance: disparity of Borrelia burgdorferi genetic material in synovial fluid from Lyme arthritis patients.J Infect Dis. 1994; 169: 668-672
- Sensitivity of culture and polymerase chain reaction for the etiologic diagnosis of erythema migrans.Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002; 114: 606-609
- Lack of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in synovial samples from patients with antibiotic treatment-resistant Lyme arthritis.Arthritis Rheum. 1999; 42: 2705-2709
- Diagnosis of early Lyme disease by polymerase chain reaction amplification and culture of skin biopsies from erythema migrans lesions.J Clin Microbiol. 1992; 30: 3082-3088
- Diagnostic value of PCR for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in clinical specimens from patients with erythema migrans and Lyme neuroborreliosis.Mol Diagn. 2000; 5: 139-150
- Borrelia burgdorferi detected by culture and PCR in clinical relapse of disseminated Lyme borreliosis.Ann Med. 1999; 31: 225-232
- Direct molecular typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in synovial samples from patients with Lyme arthritis.J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38: 1895-1900
- Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi in cerebrospinal fluid by the polymerase chain reaction.J Med Microbiol. 1991; 35: 98-102
- Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in urine samples and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with early and late Lyme neuroborreliosis by polymerase chain reaction.J Clin Microbiol. 1992; 30: 1646-1653
- Polymerase chain reaction in diagnosis of Borrelia burgdorferi infections and studies on taxonomic classification.APMIS Suppl. 2002; : 1-40
- Lyme borreliosis: clinical case definitions for diagnosis and management in Europe.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011; 17: 69-79
- Validation of cultivation and PCR methods for diagnosis of Lyme neuroborreliosis.J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46: 3375-3379
- Bloodstream invasion in early Lyme disease: results from a prospective, controlled, blinded study using the polymerase chain reaction.Am J Med. 1995; 99: 6-12
- Correlation of tests for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in patients with diagnosed borreliosis.Ann Agric Environ Med. 2006; 13: 307-311
- False-positive results of PCR testing for Lyme disease.Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 33: 412-413
- Laboratory testing for Lyme disease: possibilities and practicalities.J Clin Microbiol. 2002; 40: 319-324
- Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis.N Engl J Med. 1994; 330: 229-234
- The persistence of spirochetal nucleic acids in active Lyme arthritis.Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120: 487-489
- The pathogenesis of Lyme neuroborreliosis: from infection to inflammation.Mol Med. 2008; 14: 205-212
- Evaluation of an internally controlled real-time PCR targeting the ospA gene for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in cerebrospinal fluid.Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006; 12: 894-900
- Microbiological and serological diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis.FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2007; 49: 13-21
- Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi strains in Lyme arthritis.Scand J Infect Dis. 1998; 30: 265-268
- Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in skin lesions of early and late Lyme borreliosis.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1995; 14: 1-5
- Long term and repeated electron microscopy and PCR detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato after an antibiotic treatment.Cent Eur J Public Health. 2004; 12: 6-11
- Examination of specific DNA by PCR in patients with different forms of Lyme borreliosis.Int J Dermatol. 2008; 47: 1004-1010
Article info
Publication history
Published online: August 31, 2015
Footnotes
Disclosure statement: The authors have nothing to disclose.
Identification
Copyright
© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
