Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
A
Activated clotting time (ACT) test
for dabigatran, 485
for ECMO, 659–660
for new oral anticoagulants, 441
uses of, 471
Activated factor VII, for anticoagulant reversal, 578–582
Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
factors prolonging, 466–469
for dabigatran, 481, 483, 490–496
for ECMO, 661–662
for intracranial bleeding, 590
for new oral anticoagulants, 441
for trauma patient, 564
guidelines for, 466
predictive value of, 469–472
uses of, 453–465
Acute coronary syndrome
apixaban for, 510
rivaroxaban for, 507
ADOPT (Apixaban Dosing to Optimize Protection from Thrombosis), 510
ADVANCE (Apixaban Dosed Orally Versus Anticoagulation with Injectable Enoxaparin to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism) study, 508
AFASAK trials, 547–549
AFFIRM study, 541
Agratoban, for ECMO, 664–665
Amiodarone, for atrial fibrillation prevention, 540
AMPLIFY (Apixaban for the Initial Management of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep-Vein Thrombosis as First-line Therapy), 507, 509, 529, 532
Angiotensin receptor blockers, for atrial fibrillation prevention, 540–541
Angiotensin-converter enzyme inhibitors, for atrial fibrillation prevention, 540–541
Anticoagulation and anticoagulants. See also specific agents.
approved, 444
bleeding induced by. See Bleeding.
D-dimer concentration and, 675–686
for atrial fibrillation. See Atrial fibrillation.
for venous thromboembolism. See Venous thromboembolism.
in pediatric ECMO, 655–673
in trauma patients, 563–574
intracerebral hemorrhage induced by, 587–594
perioperative management of, 637–654
pharmacology of, 443–452
preprocedural management of, 595–611
reversal of, 613–621, 623–635
screening for, 453–477
Anti-factor Xa activity test, 512
for ECMO, 660
for intracranial bleeding, 590–591
for trauma patient, 568
periprocedural, 597
Antifibrinolytic agents, for ECMO, 666–668
Antiphospholipid antibodies, coagulation test results and, 468
Antiplasmin deficiency, coagulation test results and, 469
Antiplatelet agents
for atrial fibrillation, 550
for ECMO, 666–667
in trauma patient, 569–570
periprocedural management of, 602
Antithrombin III, in ECMO, 664–666
Apixaban
advantages of, 444
approval of, 444, 605
bleeding due to, 445–448, 589–591
clinical studies of, 504, 508–510
for atrial fibrillation, 550–551
for venous thromboembolism, 528–529, 533
half-life of, 606
initiation of, 512–513
measurement of, 597
monitoring of, 511–512, 637–654
periprocedural management of, 605–607, 637–654
pharmacology of, 444–445, 508
reversal of, 448–449, 597, 623, 628–629, 631, 639–641
Apixaban Dosed Orally Versus Anticoagulation with Injectable Enoxaparin to Prevent Venous Thromboembolism (ADVANCE) study, 508
Apixaban Dosing to Optimize Protection from Thrombosis (ADOPT), 510
Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Event (APPRAISE) study, 510
Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) study, 506, 509, 551–552
Apixaban for the Initial Management of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep-Vein Thrombosis as First-line Therapy (AMPLIFY), 507, 509, 529, 532
Apixaban Versus Acetylacetic Acid to Prevent Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Who Have Failed or Are Unsuitable for Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment (AVERROES), 508–509
APPRAISE (Apixaban for Prevention of Acute Ischemic and Safety Event) study, 510
ARISTOTLE (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) study, 506, 509, 551–552
ASPIRE trials, 532
Aspirin
for atrial fibrillation, 544, 546–547, 549
for ECMO, 666–667
for venous thromboembolism, 531–532
in trauma patient, 569–570
periprocedural management of, 602–605
ATLAS-TIMI ( Anti-Xa Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events in Addition to Standard Therapy in Subjects with Acute Coronary Syndrome--Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) study, 507
ATRIA hemorrhage risk score, 543–546
Atrial fibrillation
apixaban for, 508–509
edoxaban for, 510
incidence of, 443–444, 538
periprocedural anticoagulant management in, 597–601
postoperative, 537–561
consequences of, 539–540
definition of, 538
incidence of, 538
prevention of, 540–541
risk factors for, 538–539
thromboembolism prevention in, 542–554
treatment of, 541–542
rivaroxaban for, 506
Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration, bleeding statistics from, 578
AVERROES (Apixaban Versus Acetylacetic Acid to Prevent Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Who Have Failed or Are Unsuitable for Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment), 508–509
B
BAATAF trial, 548
BAFTA trial, 549
Beta-blockers, for atrial fibrillation prevention, 540
Betrixaban, 504, 511
Bivalirudin, for ECMO, 664–665
Bleeding, 575–586
intracranial. See Intracranial bleeding.
management of, 576–582. See also individual agents, reversal of.
statistics on, 576–578
risk of, assessment of, 543–546
Blood products transfusions, for ECMO, 668–669
Brain, bleeding in. See Intracranial bleeding.
Bridging therapy, 598–602, 640
C
CAFA trial, 548
Calibrated Automated Thrombogram, 491–496
CAPRIE (Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events) trial, 602
Cardioversion, for atrial fibrillation, 541–542
CHAD score
for thromboembolism risk, 542–543
periprocedural, 599–601
Clopidogrel
for atrial fibrillation, 550
for ECMO, 666–667
in trauma patient, 569–570
periprocedural management of, 602
Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) trial, 602
Coagulation disorders, coagulation test results and, 467–469
Computed tomography, for trauma patient, 565
D
Dabigatran
approval of, 444, 605
bleeding due to, 577–578
intracranial, 589–591
risk of, 445–448
for atrial fibrillation, 551
for venous thromboembolism, 528, 532–533
half-life of, 606
in trauma patient, 566–567
measurement of, 479–501
periprocedural, 597
plasma-based clotting assays, 480–485
thrombin generation assays, 490–496
thromboelastography/rotation thromboelastometry, 486–489
monitoring of, survey of, 637–654
periprocedural management of, 605–607, 637–654
reversal of, 448–449, 579–582, 597, 623, 625–632, 639–641
Dalteparin, for bridging therapy, 598–601
Danaparoid, for ECMO, 665
D-dimer levels, prognostic value of, 675–686
Deep venous thrombosis, periprocedural anticoagulant management in, 601–602
Dialysis
D-dimer levels and, 675–686
for dabigatran reversal, 580–581
Diet, coagulation test results and, 467
Diluted thrombin time, for new oral anticoagulants, 441, 484–485
Dipyridamole, for ECMO, 667
Direct current cardioversion, for atrial fibrillation, 541–542
Direct factor Xa inhibitors, in trauma patient, 568
Direct thrombin inhibitors
for ECMO, 664–665
for trauma patient, 566–568
E
EAFT trials, 547
Ecarin chromogenic assay, for dabigatran, 482
Ecarin clotting time
for dabigatran, 482–484
for intracranial bleeding, 590
for new oral anticoagulants, 441
for trauma patient, 567
ECMO. See Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Edoxaban
advantages of, 444
approval of, 444
clinical studies of, 504, 510–511
for venous thromboembolism, 528
initiation of, 512–513
monitoring of, 511–512
pharmacology of, 510
reversal of, 623, 628–629, 631
EINSTEIN studies, 506–507, 529, 532
ELATE trials, 531–532
Elderly persons
anticoagulant safety for, 446–447
atrial fibrillation in, 538–539
Embolectomy, for thromboembolism, 527
Emergency surgery, anticoagulant management in, 598
Endothelial dysfunction, in ECMO, 658
ENGAGE studies, 506, 510
Enoxaparin
for bridging therapy, 598–601
pharmacology of, 445
Epsilon-aminocaproic acid, for ECMO, 667
Erixaban, clinical studies of, 504
ESPS trials, 547
European Society of Anaesthesiology guidelines, 643
EXPERT study, 511
EXPLORE-Xa study, 511
EXTEM assay, 488
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, pediatric, 655–673
anticoagulant monitoring in, 659–663
anticoagulants for, 663–666
blood products transfusions in, 668–669
circuit for, 656–657
coagulopathy in, 656–659
hemostatic adjuncts in, 666–668
indications for, 656
platelet activation in, 666
usage statistics for, 656
F
Factor VII
deficiency of, coagulation test results and, 468
for ECMO, 667–668
for thrombin inhibitor reversal, 567
for warfarin reversal, 566
Factor Xa activity, for new oral anticoagulants, 441
Factor XI deficiency, coagulation test results and, 468
Factor XIII deficiency, coagulation test results and, 469
FEIBA (Factor VIII Inhibitor Bypassing Activity), for anticoagulant reversal, 579, 629
FIBTEM assay, for dabigatran, 488
Fondaparinux, for ECMO, 665
Fresh frozen plasma
for ECMO, 668–669
for warfarin reversal, 566, 613–621
G
Gaucher disease, coagulation test results and, 468
Gender differences, D-dimer levels and, 675–686
Geneva score, for pulmonary embolism, 525
Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, 644
H
HAS BLED score, 543–546, 601
Heart valves, mechanical, anticoagulant therapy for, 602
Hemophilia, coagulation test results and, 469
HEMORR2HAGES score, 543–546
Heparin
for bridging therapy, 598–601
for ECMO, 664–666
for venous thromboembolism, 519–520, 522–527, 529, 531
in trauma patient, 568
reversal of, 568
with neuraxial anesthesia, 607
Hip replacement
apixaban for, 508
rivaroxaban for, 505–506
HOKUSAI-VTE, 507, 510–511, 529
Hyperthermia, coagulation test results in, 467
Hypothermia, coagulation test results in, 467
I
Inflammation, in ECMO, 657
Innovance D-dimer assay, 677
International normalized ratio (INR)
for dabigatran, 480–481
for intracranial bleeding, 590
for new oral anticoagulants, 441
for trauma patient, 565–566
guidelines for, 466
periprocedural, 598
predictive value of, 471–472
uses of, 453–465
International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis DIC score, 676
Intracranial bleeding, 587–594
treatment of, 589–592
warfarin-induced, 577, 614
J
JAST trial, 547
K
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome, coagulation test results and, 468
Kidney function, D-dimer levels and, 675–686
Kininogen deficiency, coagulation test results and, 469
Knee replacement
apixaban for, 508
rivaroxaban for, 505–506
L
LASAF trials, 547
Lepirudin, for ECMO, 664–665
Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, for dabigatran, 482–483
Lupus anticoagulant, coagulation test results and, 468
Lupus-like anticoagulant, coagulation test results and, 468
M
MAGELLAN (Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Acutely Ill Medical Patients Comparing Rivaroxaban with Enoxaparin) study, 506–507
Magnesium, for atrial fibrillation prevention, 540–541
Mini-Sentinel database, 578
Monotherapy, for venous thromboembolism, 527
Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel Group Efficacy and Safety Study for the Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Acutely Ill Medical Patients Comparing Rivaroxaban with Enoxaparin (MAGELLAN) study, 506–507
N
Neuraxial anesthesia, anticoagulation with, 607
Neurofibromatosis, coagulation test results and, 468
Noonan syndrome, coagulation test results and, 468
P
Partial thromboplastin time, periprocedural, 597
Passoboy factor deficiency, coagulation test results and, 469
Peak value test, for intracranial bleeding, 590
Pediatric patients, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in, 655–673
Periprocedural and perioperative management, of anticoagulants, 595–611
antiplatelet agents, 602
aspirin, 602–605
in atrial fibrillation, 597–601
in deep venous thrombosis, 601–602
in neuraxial anesthesia, 607
in venous thromboembolism, 601–602
international survey of, 637–654
laboratory tests for, 596–597
new oral, 605–607, 637–654
warfarin, 597–602
with mechanical heart valves, 602
Plasma, fresh frozen. See Fresh frozen plasma.
Plasma-based clotting assays, for dabigatran, 480–485
Platelet(s)
dysfunction of, in ECMO, 659
transfusion of, for ECMO, 668–669
Platelet count, for trauma patient, 564, 569–570
Polyunsaturated fatty acids, for atrial fibrillation prevention, 540–541
Postoperative atrial fibrillation. See Atrial fibrillation, postoperative.
Prasugrel, periprocedural management of, 605
Prekallikrein deficiency, coagulation test results and, 469
PREVENT trial, 531–532
Protamine sulfate, for heparin reversal, 568
Prothrombin, deficiency of, coagulation test results and, 468
Prothrombin complex concentrate, 488
for anticoagulant reversal, 579–582, 591
direct factor Xa inhibitors, 568
new oral anticoagulants, 578–582, 623–635
thrombin inhibitors, 567–568
warfarin, 566, 578, 613–621
for ECMO, 667
Prothrombin time (PT)
factors prolonging, 466–469
for dabigatran, 490–496
for intracranial bleeding, 590
for new oral anticoagulants, 441
for trauma patient, 564
guidelines for, 466
periprocedural, 597
predictive value of, 469–472
uses of, 453–465
Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, 523, 525–526
Q
Quick test, for intracranial bleeding, 590
R
Racial factors, D-dimer levels and, 675–686
Radiography, for trauma patient, 565
Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial, 509, 551–552, 581–582, 644
Randomized, Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dabigatran Etexilate in Patients After Heart Valve Replacement (RE-ALIGN), 446, 552, 605
Rate control, for atrial fibrillation, 541–542
RE-ALIGN (Randomized, Phase II Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Dabigatran Etexilate in Patients After Heart Valve Replacement), 446, 552, 605
RECORD (Regulation of Coagulation in Orthopedic Surgery to Prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism) studies, 505–506
RECOVER study, 529
Red blood cell transfusion, transfusion of, 668–669
Regulation of Coagulation in Orthopedic Surgery to Prevent Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism (RECORD) studies, 505–506
RE-LY (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) trial, 509, 551–552, 581–582, 644
REMEDY trial, 532
RESONATE trial, 532
Reversal, of anticoagulants. See individual agents, reversal of.
Rhythm control, for atrial fibrillation, 541–542
Rivaroxaban
advantages of, 444
approval of, 444, 605
bleeding due to
intracranial, 589–591
risk of, 445–448
clinical studies of, 505–508
for atrial fibrillation, 550–551
for venous thromboembolism, 528–529, 532–533
half-life of, 606
in trauma patient, 568
initiation of, 512–513
monitoring of, 511–512
periprocedural, 597
survey of, 637–654
periprocedural management of, 597, 605–607, 637–654
pharmacology of, 444–445, 504–505
reversal of, 448–449, 579, 597, 623, 627–632, 639–641
ROCKET-AF (Rivaroxaban Once Daily Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibition Compared with Vitamin K Antagonism for Prevention of Stroke and Embolism Trial in Atrial Fibrillation) study, 506, 509, 551–552
Rosenthal syndrome, coagulation test results and, 468
Rotation thromboelastography (ROTEM)
for dabigatran, 486, 488
for ECMO, 661, 663
for trauma patient, 564–565
S
Sickle cell disease, coagulation test results and, 468
SPAF trials, 547–549
SPINAF trial, 548
Spinal anesthesia, anticoagulation with, 607
STA Liatest D-dimer assay, 677
Statins, for atrial fibrillation prevention, 540
Substance-specific test system, for intracranial bleeding, 590
Switch therapy, for venous thromboembolism, 527
Synchronized DCC, for atrial fibrillation, 542
T
Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events in Addition to Standard Therapy in Subjects with Acute Coronary Syndrome--Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (ATLAS-TIMI) study, 507
Thrombin
generation of, in ECMO, 657
inhibitors of
for ECMO, 664–665
for trauma patient, 566–568
Thrombin clotting time, in trauma patient, 567
Thrombin generation assays, for dabigatran, 490–496
Thrombin time
for dabigatran, 482–483
for intracranial bleeding, 590
for new oral anticoagulants, 441
periprocedural, 597
Thrombocytopenia, in ECMO, 659
Thromboelastography/rotation thromboelastometry
for dabigatran, 486–489
for ECMO, 661, 663
for trauma patient, 564–565, 568
Thromboembolism. See also Venous thromboembolism.
in atrial fibrillation, prevention of, 542–554
Thrombolytic therapy, for thromboembolism, 527
Thrombophilia, tests for, 493–496
Ticagrelor, periprocedural management of, 605
Ticlopidine, periprocedural management of, 605
Tinzaparin, for bridging therapy, 598–601
Tranexamic acid, for ECMO, 667
Trauma patients, anticoagulated, 563–574
assessment of, 564–565
management of, 565–570
Trough test, for intracranial bleeding, 590
V
Vena cava filters, for venous thromboembolism, 527, 530
Venous thromboembolism
incidence of, 443–444
prevention of
apixaban for, 509–510
edoxaban for, 510–511
rivaroxaban for, 504–508
spectrum of, 519–520
treatment of, 519–536
dabigatran for, 493–496
extended, 531–532
in acute-phase, 527–530
in chronic phase, 522
outpatient, 522–526
periprocedural, 601–602
phases of, 520–522
Vitamin K, for warfarin reversal, 614
Vitamin K antagonists. See also Warfarin.
reversal of, 613–621
W
Warfarin
bleeding due to, 445–448, 576–577, 589
for atrial fibrillation, 546, 548–554
for venous thromboembolism, 527–528, 531–532
in trauma patient, 565–566
periprocedural management with, 597–602
pharmacology of, 445
reversal of, 565–566, 578, 597–602, 613–621
WARFASA trials, 531–532
Whole blood clotting tests, for dabigatran, 485
