Keywords
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Clinics in Laboratory MedicineReferences
- The neural correlates of anhedonia in major depressive disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 58: 843-853
- Neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of depression: implications for the cognitive-emotional features of mood disorders.Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2001; 11: 240-249
- An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function.Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001; 24: 167-202
- The cortical representation of pain.Pain. 1999; 79: 105-111
- Functional heterogeneity in cingulate cortex: the anterior executive and posterior evaluative regions.Cereb Cortex. 1992; 2: 435-443
- Corticotropin-releasing hormone and urocortin: redundant or distinctive functions?.Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2004; 47: 116-125
- One for all or one for one: does co-transmission unify the concept of a brain galanin “system” or clarify any consistent role in anxiety?.Neuropeptides. 2005; 39: 289-292
- Colocalization of peptide and glucocorticoid receptor immunoreactivities in rat central amygdaloid nucleus.Neuroendocrinology. 1992; 55: 451-459
- Stress-induced expression of co-localized neuropeptides in hypothalamic and amygdaloid neurons.Eur J Pharmacol. 2000; 405: 161-166
- The impact of physiological stimuli on the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and other neuropeptide genes.Front Neuroendocrinol. 1996; 17: 281-326
- Neurotransmitter regulation of cellular activation and neuropeptide gene expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.J Neurosci. 2002; 22: 959-969
- Neuropeptide systems as novel therapeutic targets for depression and anxiety disorders.Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2003; 24: 580-588
Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB, editors. Textbook of psychopharmacology. 3rd edition. Washington, DC: The American Psychiatric Publishing; 2004. p. 716–65, 847–68, 913–35.
- The galanin peptide family: receptor pharmacology, pleiotropic biological actions, and implications in health and disease.Pharmacol Ther. 2007; 115: 177-207
- The participation of galanin in pain processing at the spinal level.Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2002; 23: 468-474
- Galanin 10 years with a neuroendocrine peptide.Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1995; 27: 337-349
- The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation.Physiol Rev. 2001; 81: 629-683
- Impact of prosocial neuropeptides on human brain function.Prog Brain Res. 2008; 170: 463-470
- Impaired social interaction and reduced anxiety-related behavior in vasopressin V1a receptor knockout mice.Behav Brain Res. 2007; 178: 123-127
- A developmental twin study of symptoms of anxiety and depression: evidence for genetic innovation and attenuation.Psychol Med. 2008; 38: 1567-1575
- Phenotypic and genetic differentiation of anxiety-related behaviors in middle childhood.Depress Anxiety. 2009; 26: 316-324
- Decreased blood flow of temporal regions of the brain in subjects with panic disorder.J Psychiatr Res. 2006; 40: 528-534
- Neuroimaging in anxiety disorders.J Neural Transm. 2009; 116: 703-716
- fMRI amygdala activation during a spontaneous panic attack in a patient with panic disorder.World J Biol Psychiatry. 2007; 8: 269-272
- Brain regions showing increased activation by threat-related words in panic disorder.Neuroreport. 2003; 14: 325-328
- Disorder-specific neuroanatomical correlates of attentional bias in obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and hypochondriasis.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62: 922-933
- Functional MRI changes during panic anticipation and imagery exposure.Neuroreport. 2001; 12: 3953-3957
- fMRI of fearful facial affect recognition in panic disorder: the cingulate gyrus-amygdala connection.J Affect Disord. 2006; 94: 173-181
- Decreased brain GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorder: preliminary results from a quantitative PET study.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998; 55: 715-720
- Decreased benzodiazepine receptor binding in prefrontal cortex in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.Am J Psychiatry. 2000; 157: 1120-1126
- SPECT [I-123]iomazenil measurement of the benzodiazepine receptor in panic disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 2000; 47: 96-106
- Reduced benzodiazepine receptor binding in panic disorders measured by iomazenil SPECT.J Psychiatr Res. 1995; 29: 427-434
- Impaired GABA neuronal response to acute benzodiazepine administration in panic disorder.Am J Psychiatry. 2004; 161: 2186-2193
- Decreased GABA levels in anterior cingulate and basal ganglia in medicated subjects with panic disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) study.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007; 31: 403-411
- Molecular targets in the treatment of anxiety.Biol Psychiatry. 2002; 52: 1008-1030
- Anxiolytic and side-effect profile of LY354740: a potent, highly selective, orally active agonist for group II metabotropic glutamate receptors.J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998; 284: 651-660
- The role of glutamate in anxiety and related disorders.CNS Spectr. 2005; 10: 820-830
- Pharmacotherapy of panic disorder.Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2008; 4: 779-795
- Role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in psychiatric disorders: a comprehensive review.Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2003; 27: 85-102
- Implications of genetic research on the role of the serotonin in depression: emphasis on the serotonin type 1A receptor and the serotonin transporter.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2004; 174: 512-524
- Polymorphisms in the galanin gene are associated with symptom-severity in female patients suffering from panic disorder.J Affect Disord. 2008; 105: 177-184
- HPA axis activity in patients with panic disorder: review and synthesis of four studies.Depress Anxiety. 2007; 24: 66-76
- A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders.Am J Psychiatry. 2001; 158: 1568-1578
- The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for anxiety disorders in men and women.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62: 182-189
- The genetic basis of panic and phobic anxiety disorders.Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2008; 148: 118-126
- The genetics of panic disorder.Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2001; 3: 131-137
- A third-pass genome scan in panic disorder: evidence for multiple susceptibility loci.Biol Psychiatry. 2006; 60: 388-401
- Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region.Science. 1996; 274: 1527-1531
- Panic disorder is associated with the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) but not the promoter region (5-HTTLPR).Mol Psychiatry. 2010; 15: 166-176
- Combined effects of exonic polymorphisms in CRHR1 and AVPR1B genes in a case/control study for panic disorder.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008; 147B: 1196-1204
- Association and linkage analysis of candidate genes GRP, GRPR, CRHR1, and TACR1 in panic disorder.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2009; 150B: 65-73
- Amygdala and ventral anterior cingulate activation predicts treatment response to cognitive behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder.Psychol Med. 2008; 38: 555-561
- An fMRI investigation of memory encoding in PTSD: influence of symptom severity.Neuropsychologia. 2008; 46: 1522-1531
- Rostral anterior cingulate volume predicts treatment response to cognitive-behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2008; 33: 142-146
- Neural systems for executive and emotional processing are modulated by symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in Iraq war veterans.Psychiatry Res. 2008; 162: 59-72
- The neural networks of inhibitory control in posttraumatic stress disorder.J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2008; 33: 413-422
- Noradrenergic dysfunction and the psychopharmacology of posttraumatic stress disorder.Depress Anxiety. 2008; 25: 260-271
- Biology of post-traumatic stress disorder in childhood and adolescence.J Neuroendocrinol. 2008; 20: 632-638
- Noradrenergic-glucocorticoid mechanisms in emotion-induced amnesia: from adaptation to disease.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008; 197: 13-23
- An open trial of paroxetine in patients with noncombat-related, chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998; 18: 10-18
- Committee on Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Institute of Medicine. Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: an assessment of the evidence.National Academies Press, Washington, DC2008
- Plasma neuropeptide Y concentrations in combat exposed veterans: relationship to trauma exposure, recovery from PTSD, and coping.Biol Psychiatry. 2006; 59: 660-663
- Biology of posttraumatic stress disorder.J Clin Psychiatry. 2001; 62: 41-46
- Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 1991; 30: 1031-1048
- Assessment of HPA-axis function in posttraumatic stress disorder: pharmacological and non-pharmacological challenge tests, a review.J Psychiatr Res. 2006; 40: 550-567
- Role of corticotropin releasing factor in anxiety disorders: a translational research perspective.Horm Behav. 2006; 50: 550-561
- Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in patients with anxiety disorders and normal comparison subjects.Biol Psychiatry. 1996; 39: 703-707
- Neurobiological mechanisms in generalized anxiety disorder.J Clin Psychiatry. 2001; 62 ([discussion: 28]): 22-27
- Low urinary cortisol excretion in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.J Nerv Ment Dis. 1990; 178: 366-369
- HPA- and HPT-axis alterations in chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006; 31: 1220-1230
- Increased pituitary and adrenal reactivity in premenopausal women with posttraumatic stress disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 2001; 50: 965-977
- Salivary cortisol responses to dexamethasone in adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2003; 42: 1310-1317
- Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-6 concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder.Neuroimmunomodulation. 2001; 9: 209-217
- Elevated CSF corticotropin-releasing factor concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder.Am J Psychiatry. 1997; 154: 624-629
- The corticotropin-releasing hormone test in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 1989; 26: 349-355
- The cortisol and glucocorticoid receptor response to low dose dexamethasone administration in aging combat veterans and holocaust survivors with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 2002; 52: 393-403
- The DST and posttraumatic stress disorder.Am J Psychiatry. 1987; 144: 1068-1071
- When not enough is too much: the role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders.Am J Psychiatry. 2003; 160: 1554-1565
- Genetics of posttraumatic stress disorder.CNS Spectr. 2003; 8: 693-698
- Relationship of parental trauma exposure and PTSD to PTSD, depressive and anxiety disorders in offspring.J Psychiatr Res. 2001; 35: 261-270
- Childhood trauma and risk for PTSD: relationship to intergenerational effects of trauma, parental PTSD, and cortisol excretion.Dev Psychopathol. 2001; 13: 733-753
- A high risk twin study of combat-related PTSD comorbidity.Twin Res. 2003; 6: 218-226
- Genetic and environmental influences on trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: a twin study.Am J Psychiatry. 2002; 159: 1675-1681
- Allelic variation of human serotonin transporter gene expression.J Neurochem. 1996; 66: 2621-2624
- Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene.Science. 2003; 301: 386-389
- Gene-environment interaction analysis of serotonin system markers with adolescent depression.Mol Psychiatry. 2004; 9: 908-915
- Mental and physical distress is modulated by a polymorphism in the 5-HT transporter gene interacting with social stressors and chronic disease burden.Mol Psychiatry. 2005; 10: 220-224
- Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101: 17316-17321
- The interaction of stressful life events and a serotonin transporter polymorphism in the prediction of episodes of major depression: a replication.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005; 62: 529-535
- The relationship between stressful life events, the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) genotype and major depression.Psychol Med. 2005; 35: 101-111
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-5-HTTLPR gene interactions and environmental modifiers of depression in children.Biol Psychiatry. 2006; 59: 673-680
- The serotonin transporter genotype and social support and moderation of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in hurricane-exposed adults.Am J Psychiatry. 2007; 164: 1693-1699
- Long-term behavioral and neuroendocrine adaptations to adverse early experience.Prog Brain Res. 2000; 122: 81-103
- Long-term consequences of neonatal rearing on central corticotropin-releasing factor systems in adult male rat offspring.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005; 30: 2192-2204
- Influence of child abuse on adult depression: moderation by the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65: 190-200
- Association of FKBP5 polymorphisms and childhood abuse with risk of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults.JAMA. 2008; 299: 1291-1305
- A new first step in activation of steroid receptors: hormone-induced switching of FKBP51 and FKBP52 immunophilins.J Biol Chem. 2002; 277: 4597-4600
- Squirrel monkey immunophilin FKBP51 is a potent inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor binding.Endocrinology. 2000; 141: 4107-4113
- FK506-binding proteins 51 and 52 differentially regulate dynein interaction and nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor in mammalian cells.J Biol Chem. 2005; 280: 4609-4616
- Polymorphisms in FKBP5 are associated with increased recurrence of depressive episodes and rapid response to antidepressant treatment.Nat Genet. 2004; 36: 1319-1325
- Pituitary-adrenal responses to standard and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests in adult survivors of child abuse.Biol Psychiatry. 2004; 55: 10-20
- The ACTH response to dexamethasone in PTSD.Am J Psychiatry. 2004; 161: 1397-1403
- Peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression profiles identify emergent post-traumatic stress disorder among trauma survivors.Mol Psychiatry. 2005; 10 (425): 500-513
- Polymorphisms in FKBP5 are associated with peritraumatic dissociation in medically injured children.Mol Psychiatry. 2005; 10: 1058-1059
- Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis.Psychol Bull. 2003; 129: 52-73
- The neural correlates of social anxiety disorder and response to pharmacotherapy.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006; 31: 2243-2253
- Social anxiety disorder.Lancet. 2008; 371: 1115-1125
- Dopaminergic challenges in social anxiety disorder: evidence for dopamine D3 desensitisation following successful treatment with serotonergic antidepressants.J Psychopharmacol. 2010; 24: 709-716
- HPA axis response to a psychological stressor in generalised social phobia.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2002; 27: 693-703
- Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperresponsiveness is associated with increased social avoidance behavior in social phobia.Biol Psychiatry. 2009; 65: 336-343
- Elevated alpha-amylase but not cortisol in generalized social anxiety disorder.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2008; 33: 1313-1321
- Salivary cortisol levels in socially phobic adolescent girls.Depress Anxiety. 1999; 10: 25-27
- Superior temporal gyrus volumes in pediatric generalized anxiety disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 2002; 51: 553-562
- Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation and attentional bias in response to angry faces in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder.Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163: 1091-1097
- Dorsolateral prefrontal cortical pathology in generalized anxiety disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study.Am J Psychiatry. 2004; 161: 1119-1121
- Switching on and off fear by distinct neuronal circuits.Nature. 2008; 454: 600-606
- Changes in amygdala neural activity that occur with the extinction of context-dependent conditioned fear stress.Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2008; 90: 297-304
- Role of the amygdala in fear extinction measured with potentiated startle.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003; 985: 218-232
- Brain imaging studies in mood and anxiety disorders: special emphasis on the amygdala.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003; 985: 370-388
- Neuroimaging studies of amygdala function in anxiety disorders.Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003; 985: 389-410
- Amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex activation to masked angry faces in children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder.Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65: 568-576
- fMRI predictors of treatment outcome in pediatric anxiety disorders.Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007; 191: 97-105
- A functional magnetic resonance imaging predictor of treatment response to venlafaxine in generalized anxiety disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 2008; 63: 858-863
- The role of GABA in the pathophysiology and treatment of anxiety disorders.Psychopharmacol Bull. 2003; 37: 133-146
- Open-label trial of riluzole in generalized anxiety disorder.Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162: 2379-2381
- Riluzole in the treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.CNS Drugs. 2008; 22: 761-786
- SPECT imaging of serotonin transporter binding in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004; 254: 392-396
- Reduced brain serotonin transporter availability in major depression as measured by [123I]-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane and single photon emission computed tomography.Biol Psychiatry. 1998; 44: 1090-1098
- Sensitivity to cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide in major depression.J Affect Disord. 2004; 80: 285-290
- Effects of the cholecystokinin agonist pentagastrin in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.Am J Psychiatry. 1997; 154: 700-702
- Placebo-controlled trial of the CCK-B antagonist, CI-988, in panic disorder.Biol Psychiatry. 1999; 46: 860-862
- The NPY system in stress, anxiety and depression.Neuropeptides. 2004; 38: 213-224
- Interactions between NPY and CRF in the amygdala to regulate emotionality.Neuropeptides. 2004; 38: 225-234
- Anxiolytic-like effects of the corticotropin-releasing factor1 (CRF1) antagonist DMP904 [4-(3-pentylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)-pyrazolo-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine] administered acutely or chronically at doses occupying central CRF1 receptors in rats.J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004; 309: 293-302
- Anxiolytic properties of the selective, non-peptidergic CRF(1) antagonists, CP154,526 and DMP695: a comparison to other classes of anxiolytic agent.Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001; 25: 585-600
- Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like profile of a new CRF1 receptor antagonist, R278995/CRA0450.Eur J Pharmacol. 2004; 485: 145-158
- Central CRH system in depression and anxiety—evidence from clinical studies with CRH1 receptor antagonists.Eur J Pharmacol. 2008; 583: 350-357
- Recent perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder.Am J Manag Care. 2001; 7: S367-S376
- A population-based twin study of generalized anxiety disorder in men and women.J Nerv Ment Dis. 2001; 189: 413-420
- Association of a MAOA gene variant with generalized anxiety disorder, but not with panic disorder or major depression.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2003; 117B: 1-6
- Serotonin transporter and tryptophan hydroxylase gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with generalized anxiety disorder.Psychiatr Genet. 2005; 15: 7-11
- RGS2 and generalized anxiety disorder in an epidemiologic sample of hurricane-exposed adults.Depress Anxiety. 2009; 26: 309-315
Article info
Footnotes
A version of this article originally appeared in the September 2009 issue of Psychiatric Clinics of North America.
This work was supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) grants MH-541380, MH-77083, MH-69056, MH-58922, MH-42088, MH071537, and DA-019624; the Doris Duke Clinical Scientist Award, and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. K.J.R. has received awards and/or funding support from Lundbeck, Burroughs Wellcome Foundation, Pfizer, the National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD), the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse and has a consulting agreement with Tikvah Therapeutics for N-methyl-D-aspartic acid–based therapeutics. C.B.N currently serves on the scientific advisory boards of American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP), AstraZeneca, NARSAD, Quintiles, Janssen/Ortho-McNeil, and PharmaNeuroboost. He holds stock/equity in Corcept; Revaax, NovaDel Pharma, CeNeRx, and PharmaNeuroboost. He is on the board of directors of the AFSP, George West Mental Health Foundation, NovaDel Pharma, and Mt. Cook Pharma, Inc. He holds a patent on the method and devices for transdermal delivery of lithium (US 6,375,990 B1) and the method for estimating serotonin and norepinephrine transporter occupancy after drug treatment using patient or animal serum (provisional filing April, 2001). In the past year, he also served on the Scientific Advisory Board for Forest Laboratories, received grant support from the NIMH, NARSAD, and AFSP, and served on the Board of Directors of the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education. E.B. is co-inventor on the following patent applications: FKBP5: a novel target for antidepressant therapy, international publication number: WO 2005/054500; and Polymorphisms in ABCB1 associated with a lack of clinical response to medicaments, international application number: PCT/EP2005/005194. She receives grant support from NARSAD and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation. In the past 2 years, she has received grant support from Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (Young Investigator award) and GlaxoSmithKline.