Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.
Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Clinics in Laboratory MedicineAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Midtrimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis: safety and accuracy.JAMA. 1976; 236 (NICHD National Registry for Amniocentesis Study Group): 1471-1476
- Randomized controlled trial of genetic amniocentesis in 4606 low-risk women.Lancet. 1986; 1: 1287-1293
- Efficacy of screening for fetal Down syndrome in the United States from 1974–1997.Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 96: 979-985
- An association between low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and fetal chromosomal abnormalities.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984; 148: 886-894
- Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein measurement: a screening test for Down's syndrome.Lancet. 1984; 323: 926-929
- Abnormal maternal serum chorionic gonadotropin levels in pregnancies with fetal chromosome abnormalities.Prenat Diagn. 1987; 7: 623-630
- Low second-trimester serum unconjugated oestriol in pregnancies with Down's syndrome.Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1988; 95: 330-333
- Established markers in second-trimester serum.Early Hum Dev. 1996; 47: S27-S29
- Prenatal screening for Down's syndrome using inhibin-A as a serum marker.Prenat Diagn. 1996; 16: 143-153
- Sonographic scoring index for prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities.J Ultrasound Med. 1992; 9: 449-458
- The use of second-trimester genetic sonogram in guiding clinical management of patients at increased risk for fetal trisomy 21.Obstet Gynecol. 1996; 87: 948-952
- An 8-center study to evaluate the utility of mid-term genetic sonograms among high-risk pregnancies.J Ultrasound Med. 2003; 22: 33-38
- A screening program for trisomy 21 at 10-14 weeks using fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free ß-human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 13: 231-237
- First-trimester screening for trisomies 21 and 18. First-trimester Maternal Serum Biochemistry and Fetal Nuchal Translucency Screening (BUN) Study Group.N Engl J Med. 2003; 349: 1405-1413
- Screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalities.Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 109: 217-227
- A sonographic sign for the detection in the second-trimester of the fetus with Down's syndrome.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985; 151: 1078-1079
- Sonographic diagnosis of Down syndrome in the second-trimester.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985; 153: 49-52
- Sonographic markers for fetal trisomies: second trimester.J Ultrasound Med. 2001; 20: 655-674
- The role of the second-trimester genetic sonogram in screening for fetal Down syndrome.Semin Perinatol. 2005; 29: 386-394
- The association between congenital heart disease and Down syndrome in prenatal life.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 15: 104-108
- Can we suspect fetal down syndrome by heart evaluation during the second half of pregnancy?.Fetal Diagn Ther. 1999; 14: 143-148
- Prenatal screening for aneuploidy.N Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 2556-2562
- Simplifying likelihood ratios.J Gen Intern Med. 2002; 17: 646-649
- Users' guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? The Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group.JAMA. 1994; 271: 703-707
- Second-trimester prenatal ultrasound for the detection of pregnancies at increased risk of Down' syndrome.Prenat Diagn. 2007; 27: 535-544
- Sonographic identification of second-trimester fetuses with Down's syndrome.N Engl J Med. 1987; 317: 1371-1376
- Humeral shortening in second-trimester fetuses with Down syndrome.Obstet Gynecol. 1991; 77: 223-227
- Combining humerus and femur length for improved ultrasonographic identification of pregnancies at increased risk for trisomy 21.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 172: 1229-1235
- Second-trimester ultrasound to detect fetuses with Down syndrome: a meta-analysis.JAMA. 2001; 285: 1044-1055
- Echogenic fetal bowel during the second-trimester: clinical importance.Radiology. 1993; 188: 527-531
- Echogenic intracardiac focus: a sonographic sign for fetal Down's syndrome.Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 86: 998-1001
- Fetal nasal bone and trisomy 21 in the second-trimester.Prenat Diagn. 2005; 25: 511-515
- Fetal nasal bone length. A marker for Down syndrome in the second-trimester.J Ultrasound Med. 2002; 21: 1387-1394
- Nasal bone hypoplasia in trisomy 21 at 15-22 weeks' gestation.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003; 21: 15-18
- Ear length in second-trimester aneuploid fetuses.Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 81: 57-60
- Fetal ear length measurement: a useful predictor of aneuploidy?.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002; 19: 131-135
- Separation of the great toe in fetuses with Down syndrome.J Ultrasound Med. 1994; 13: 229-231
- Second-trimester genetic sonogram for detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities in a community-based antenatal testing unit.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 33: 161-168
- Age-adjusted ultrasound risk assessment for fetal Down's syndrome during the second-trimester: description of the method and analysis of 142 cases.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1998; 12: 8-14
- Role of second-trimester genetic sonography after Down's syndrome screening.Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 114: 1189-1196
- Adjusting the risk of trisomy 21 on the basis of second-trimester ultrasonography.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995; 172: 837-844
- Expected performance of second-trimester maternal serum testing followed by a ‘genetic sonogram’ in screening of fetal Down syndrome.Prenat Diagn. 2008; 28: 230-235
- Integrated screening for Down's syndrome based on tests performed during the first and second trimesters.N Engl J Med. 1999; 341: 461-467
- First-trimester or second-trimester screening, or both for Down's syndrome.N Engl J Med. 2005; 353: 2001-2011
- Genetic sonography after first-trimester Down syndrome screening.Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 168: 534-538
- Second-trimester genetic sonography after first-trimester combined screening for trisomy 21.J Ultrasound Med. 2009; 28: 321-325
- Ultrasound findings after screening for Down's syndrome using the integrated test.Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 109: 1046-1052
Article info
Identification
Copyright
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
