It is clear that conventional vaccination will not be effective for bioterrorism agents.
For one thing, there are too many of them, and intelligence is insufficient to make
educated guesses as to which organisms are likely to be used in an attack. Second,
the conventional method of growing the organism (if it can be grown in culture), isolating
likely antigens, and testing them in animal models is too lengthy and involved to
be of immediate use. Additionally, some agents, such as the H5N1 avian influenza,
may be lethal to chicken embryos [
[1]
], which makes conventional vaccine manufacture impossible. The use of attenuated organisms
as vaccines is fraught with many of the problems mentioned above, as well as the fact
that shedding [
[2]
] of attenuated, infectious organisms places our immunosuppressed populace at risk.
Because treatments are limited, especially for hemorrhagic fever viruses, for example
(Table 1), the development of pre-exposure treatments is essential. Because current vaccine
strategies are not sufficient to address the problems, a new approach is needed.
Table 1Indications for ribavirin
| Virus name | Indication |
|---|---|
| Filovirus | No |
| Rift Valley | No |
| CCHF | Yes |
| Lassa | Yes |
Abbreviation: CCHF, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever.
Data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention available at: http://www.cdc.gov.
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