Advertisement
Review Article| Volume 25, ISSUE 4, P689-712, December 2005

Download started.

Ok

Cytomorphology of Benign Breast Disease

      Fine needle aspiration biopsy is a widely used technique for the initial diagnosis of mammary lesions. The majority of patients undergoing fine needle aspiration biopsy of a breast lesion will have a benign disease of the breast. This article provides a review of the cytomorphologic features in a variety of benign breast lesions, and discusses the commonly encountered differential diagnoses on aspiration biopsy. Topics discussed include inflammatory and reactive conditions, treatment-induced changes, pregnancy-related changes, benign proliferative lesions, and benign neoplasms of the breast.
      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Clinics in Laboratory Medicine
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Kline T.S.
        • Kline I.K.
        • Howell L.
        Other benign conditions.
        in: Kline T.S. Guides to clinical aspiration biopsy of the breast. 1st edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore (MD)1999: 67-120
        • Weiss R.L.
        • Matsen J.M.
        Group B streptococcal breast abscess.
        Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1987; 111: 74-75
        • Masood S.
        Inflammatory breast lesions.
        in: Cytopathology of the breast. ASCP press, Chicago1996: 51-76
        • Dixon J.M.
        Outpatient treatment of non-lactational breast abscess.
        Br J Surg. 1992; 79: 56-57
        • DeMay R.M.
        Breast.
        in: The art and science of cytopathology. ASCP press, Chicago1996: 847-938
        • Howat A.
        • Coghill S.
        Inflammatory conditions and benign breast lesions.
        in: Gray W. McKee G.T. Diagnostic cytopathology. 2nd edition. Elsevier Science, Philadelphia2003: 257-277
        • Dixon J.M.
        • Anderson T.J.
        • Lumsden A.B.
        • et al.
        Mammary duct ectasia.
        Br J Surg. 1983; 70: 601-603
        • Galblum L.I.
        • Oertel Y.C.
        Subareolar abscess of the breast: diagnosis by fine needle aspiration.
        Am J Clin Pathol. 1983; 80: 496-499
        • Silverman J.F.
        • Lannin D.R.
        • Unverferth M.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of subareolar abscess of the breast. Spectrum of cytomorphologic findings and potential diagnostic pitfalls.
        Acta Cytol. 1986; 30: 413-419
        • Jayaram G.
        Cytomorphology in tuberculous mastitis: a report of 9 cases with fine needle aspiration cytology.
        Acta Cytol. 1985; 29: 974-978
        • Kessler E.
        • Wollach Y.
        Granulomatous mastitis: a lesion clinically simulating carcinoma.
        Am J Clin Pathol. 1972; 58: 642-646
        • Osborne B.M.
        Granulomatous mastitis caused by histoplasma and mimicking inflammatory breast carcinoma.
        Hum Pathol. 1989; 20: 47-52
        • Govindarajan M.
        • Verghese S.
        • Kuruvilla S.
        Primary aspergillosis of the breast: report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis.
        Acta Cytol. 1993; 37: 234-236
        • Pinto M.M.
        • Longstreth G.B.
        • Khoury G.M.
        Fine needle aspiration of actinomycosis infection of the breast. A novel presentation of thoracopleural actinomycosis.
        Acta Cytol. 1991; 35: 409-411
        • Doria M.I.
        • Tani E.M.
        • Skoog L.
        Sarcoidosis presenting initially as a breast mass: detection by fine needle aspiration biopsy.
        Acta Cytol. 1987; 31: 378-379
        • Tse G.M.K.
        • Poon C.S.P.
        • Law B.K.B.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of granulomatous mastitis.
        J Clin Pathol. 2003; 56: 519-521
        • Dodd L.G.
        • Sneige N.
        • Reece G.P.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration of silicone granulomas in the augmented breast.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1993; 9: 498-502
        • Truong L.D.
        • Cartwright Jr., J.
        • Goodman M.D.
        • et al.
        Silicone lymphadenopathy associated with augmentation mammaplasty. Morphologic features of 9 cases.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1988; 12: 484-491
        • Layfield L.J.
        • Glasgow B.J.
        • Cramer H.
        Fine needle aspiration in the management of breast masses.
        Pathol Annu. 1989; 24: 23-62
        • Schnitt S.J.
        • Connolly J.L.
        • Harris J.R.
        • et al.
        Radiation-induced changes in the breast.
        Hum Pathol. 1984; 15: 545-550
        • Aktepe F.
        • Kapucuoglu N.
        • Pak I.
        The effects of chemotherapy on breast cancer tissue in locally advanced breast cancer.
        Histopathology. 1996; 29: 63-70
        • Saad R.S.
        • Silverman J.F.
        • Julian T.
        • et al.
        Atypical squamous metaplasia of seromas in breast needle aspirates from irradiated lumpectomy sites: a potential pitfall for false positive diagnoses of carcinoma.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 2002; 26: 104-108
        • Gupta R.K.
        • Gaskell D.
        • Dowle C.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of seromas of the breast from irradiated lumpectomy sites.
        Acta Cytol. 2004; 48: 478-480
        • Peterse J.L.
        • Thunnissen F.B.
        • van Heerde P.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of radiation-induced changes in non-neoplastic breast lesions. Possible pitfalls in cytodiagnosis.
        Acta Cytol. 1989; 33: 176-180
        • Briffod M.
        • Spyratos F.
        • Tubiana-Hulin M.
        • et al.
        Sequential cytopunctures during pre-operative chemotherapy for primary breast carcinoma. Cytomorphologic changes, initial tumor ploidy, and tumor regression.
        Cancer. 1989; 63: 631-637
        • Costa M.J.
        • Stewart G.
        • Perez E.A.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology in locally advanced breast adenocarcinoma: a case with complete response to pre-operative chemotherapy in association with granulomatous inflammatory reaction.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1994; 10: 357-361
        • Zajdela A.
        • De Maublanc M.A.
        Value and interest of fine needle aspiration cytology in the follow-up of irradiated breast cancers.
        Bull Cancer. 1979; 66: 107-112
        • Novotny D.B.
        • Maygarden S.J.
        • Shermer R.W.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration of benign and malignant breast masses associated with pregnancy.
        Acta Cytol. 1991; 35: 676-686
        • Grenko R.T.
        • Lee K.P.
        • Lee K.R.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of lactationing adenoma of the breast: a comparative light and morphometric study.
        Acta Cytol. 1990; 34: 21-26
        • Finley J.L.
        • Silverman J.F.
        • Lannnin D.R.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of breast masses in pregnant and lactating women.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1989; 5: 255-259
        • Gherardi G.
        • Bernardi C.
        • Marveggio C.
        Microglandular adenosis of the breast: fine needle aspiration biopsy of two cases.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1993; 9: 72-76
        • McDivitt R.W.
        • Stewart F.W.
        • Berg J.W.
        Tumors of the breast.
        in: Atlas of tumor pathology, 2nd series, fascicle 2. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington (DC)1968: 87-102
        • Masood S.
        Non-inflammatory breast lesions.
        in: Cytopathology of the breast. ASCP press, Chicago1996: 77-146
        • Cho E.Y.
        • Oh Y.L.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of sclerosing adenosis of the breast.
        Acta Cytol. 2001; 45: 353-359
        • Jain S.
        • Gupta S.
        • Kumar N.
        • et al.
        Extracellular hyaline material in association with other cytologic features in aspirates from collagenous spherulosis and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast.
        Acta Cytol. 2003; 47: 381-386
        • Clement P.B.
        • Young R.H.
        • Azzopardi J.G.
        Collagenous spherulosis of the breast.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1987; 11: 411-417
        • Jain S.
        • Kumar N.
        • Sodhani P.
        • et al.
        Cytology of collagenous spherulosis of the breast: a diagnostic dilemma—report of three cases.
        Cytopathology. 2002; 13: 116-120
        • Highland K.E.
        • Finley J.L.
        • Neill J.S.
        • et al.
        Collagenous spherulosis. Report of a case with diagnosis by fine needle aspiration biopsy with immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations.
        Acta Cytol. 1993; 37: 3-9
        • Sola Perez J.
        • Perez-Guillermo M.
        • Bas Bernal A.
        • et al.
        Diagnosis of collagenous spherulosis of the breast by fine needle aspiration cytology. A report of two cases.
        Acta Cytol. 1993; 37: 725-728
        • De la Torre M.
        • Lindholm K.
        • Lindgren A.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of tubular breast carcinoma and radial scar.
        Acta Cytol. 1994; 38: 884-890
        • Bonzanini M.
        • Gilioli E.
        • Brancato B.
        • et al.
        Cytologic features of 22 radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions of the breast, three of which associated with carcinoma: clinical, mammographic, and histologic correlation.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1997; 17: 353-362
        • Lamb J.
        • McGoogan E.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of breast in invasive carcinoma of tubular type and in radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions.
        Cytopathology. 1994; 5: 17-26
        • Greenberg M.L.
        • Camaris C.
        • Psarianos T.
        • et al.
        Is there a role for fine needle aspiration in radial scar/complex sclerosing lesions of the breast?.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1997; 16: 537-542
        • Amrikachi M.
        • Green L.K.
        • Rone R.
        • et al.
        Gynecomastia. Cytologic features and diagnosis pitfalls in fine needle aspirates.
        Acta Cytol. 2001; 45: 948-952
        • Kraus F.T.
        • Neubecker R.D.
        The differential diagnosis of papillary tumors of the breast.
        Cancer. 1962; 15: 444-455
        • Gomez-Aracil V.
        • Mayayo E.
        • Azua J.
        • et al.
        Papillary neoplasms of the breast:clues in fine needle aspiration cytology.
        Cytopathology. 2002; 13: 22-30
        • Jeffrey P.B.
        • Ljung B.M.
        Benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast. A cytomorphologic study.
        Am J Clin Pathol. 1994; 101: 500-507
        • Simsir A.
        • Waisman J.
        • Thorner K.
        • et al.
        Mammary lesions diagnosed as “papillary” by aspiration biopsy. 70 cases with followup.
        Cancer. 2003; 99: 156-165
        • Michael C.W.
        • Buschmann B.
        Can true papillary neoplasms of breast and their mimickers be accurately classified by cytology?.
        Cancer. 2002; 96: 92-100
        • Dawson A.E.
        • Mulford D.K.
        Benign versus malignant papillary neoplasms of the breast. Diagnostic clues in fine needle aspiration cytology.
        Acta Cytol. 1994; 38: 23-28
        • Chang J.H.
        • Lawson D.
        • Mosunjac M.B.
        Use of proliferation (Ki-67) and G1-cell cycle (cyclin D1) marker in evaluating breast papillary lesions in FNA cell block preparations.
        Mod Pathol. 2000; 13: 31A
        • Greenberg M.L.
        • Middleton P.D.
        • Bilous A.M.
        Infarcted intraduct papilloma diagnosed by fine-needle biopsy: a cytologic, clinical and mammographic pitfall.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1994; 11: 188-191
        • Rosen P.P.
        Mucocele like tumors of the breast.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1986; 10: 464-469
        • Hamele-Bena D.
        • Cranor M.L.
        • Rosen P.P.
        Mammary mucocele-like lesions (MLL): benign and malignant.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1996; 20: 1081-1085
        • Yeoh G.P.
        • Cheung P.S.
        • Chan K.W.
        Fine-needle aspiration cytology of mucocelelike tumors of the breast.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1999; 23: 552-559
        • Ventura K.
        • Cangiarella J.
        • Lee I.
        • et al.
        Aspiration biopsy of mammary lesions with abundant extracellular mucinous material. Review of 43 cases with surgical follow-up.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 2003; 120: 194-202
        • Wong N.L.
        • Wan S.K.
        Comparative cytology of mucocelelike lesion and mucinous carcinoma of the breast in fine needle aspiration.
        Acta Cytol. 2000; 44: 765-770
        • Shet T.M.
        • Rege J.D.
        Aspiration cytology of tubular adenomas of the breast. An analysis of eight cases.
        Acta Cytol. 1998; 42: 657-662
        • Kumar N.
        • Kapila K.
        • Verma K.
        Characterization of tubular adenoma of breast—diagnostic problem in fine needle aspirates (FNAs).
        Cytopathology. 1998; 9: 301-305
        • Cangiarella J.
        • Waisman J.
        • Shapiro R.L.
        • et al.
        Cytologic features of tubular adenocarcinoma of the breast by aspiration biopsy.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 2001; 25: 311-315
        • Silverman J.F.
        • Dabbs D.J.
        • Gilbert C.F.
        Fine needle aspiration of adenosis tumor of the breast. With immunocytochemical and ultrastructural observations.
        Acta Cytol. 1989; 33: 181-187
        • Eusebi V.
        • Casadei G.P.
        • Bussolati G.
        • et al.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast with a distinctive type of apocrine adenosis.
        Histopathology. 1987; 11: 305-315
        • Chang A.
        • Bassett L.
        • Bose S.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: a cytology dilemma. Report of a case and review of the literature.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 2002; 26: 191-196
        • Nilsson B.
        • Wee A.
        • Ruaff A.
        • et al.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast. Report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytology and histologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural correlation.
        Acta Cytol. 1994; 38: 431-434
        • Niemann T.H.
        • Benda J.A.
        • Cohen M.B.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: fine-needle aspiration biopsy and histologic findings.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1995; 12: 245-250
        • Aydin O.
        • Ocal K.
        • Ozer C.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 2001; 25: 194-196
        • Ng W.K.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast. A review of three cases with reappraisal of the fine needle aspiration biopsy findings.
        Acta Cytol. 2002; 46: 317-324
        • Birdsong G.G.
        • Bishara H.M.
        • Costa M.J.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: report of a case initially examined by fine-needle aspiration.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1993; 9: 547-550
        • Laforga J.B.
        • Aranda F.I.
        • Sevilla F.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: report of two cases with prominent cystic changes and intranuclear inclusions.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1998; 19: 55-58
        • Kurashina M.
        Fine-needle aspiration cytology of benign and malignant adenomyoepithelioma: report of two cases.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 2002; 26: 29-34
        • Pia-Foschini M.
        • Reis-Filho J.S.
        • Eusebi V.
        • et al.
        Salivary gland-like tumors of the breast:surgicaland molecular pathology.
        J Clin Pathol. 2003; 56: 497-506
        • Lee W.Y.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: a case indistinguishable from phyllodes tumor in cytologic findings and clinical behavior.
        Acta Cytol. 2000; 44: 488-490
        • Rasbridge S.A.
        • Millis R.R.
        Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast with malignant features.
        Virchows Arch. 1998; 432: 123-130
        • Bottles K.
        • Chan J.S.
        • Holly E.A.
        • et al.
        Cytologic criteria for fibroadenoma: a step-wise logistic regression analysis.
        Am J Clin Pathol. 1988; 89: 707-713
        • Degrell I.
        Histological and needle biopsy studies of juvenile mastopathy.
        Acta Morphol Acad Sci Hung. 1981; 29: 365-376
        • Maygarden S.J.
        • Novotny D.B.
        • Johnson D.E.
        • et al.
        Subclassification of benign breast disease by fine needle aspiration cytology: comparison of cytologic and histologic findings in 265 palpable breast masses.
        Acta Cytol. 1994; 38: 115-129
        • Stanley M.W.
        • Tani E.M.
        • Skoog L.
        Fine needle aspiration of fibroadenoma of the breast with atypia: a spectrum including cases that cytologically mimic carcinoma.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1990; 6: 375-382
        • Simsir A.
        • Waisman J.
        • Cangiarella J.
        Fibroadenomas with atypia: causes for under- and overdiagnosis by aspiration biopsy.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 2001; 25: 278-284
        • Bhattarai S.
        • Kapila K.
        • Verma K.
        Phyllodes tumors of the breast: a cytohistologic study of 80 cases.
        Acta Cytol. 2000; 44: 790-796
        • Simi U.
        • Moretti D.
        • Iacconi P.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytopathology of phyllodes tumor. Differential diagnosis with fibroadenoma.
        Acta Cytol. 1988; 32: 63-66
        • Dusenbury D.
        • Frable W.J.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of phyllodes tumors: potential diagnostic pitfalls.
        Acta Cytol. 1992; 36: 215-221
        • Lopez-Rios F.
        • Burgos F.
        • Madero S.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration of breast myofibroblastoma. A case report.
        Acta Cytol. 2001; 45: 381-384
        • Powari M.
        • Srinivasan R.
        • Radotra B.D.
        Myofibroblastoma of the male breast: a diagnostic problem on fine-needle aspiration cytology.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 2002; 26: 290-293
        • Negri S.
        • Bonzanini M.
        • Togni R.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration of myofibroblastoma of the breast. Case report.
        Pathologica. 1995; 87: 719-722
        • Ordi J.
        • Riverola A.
        • Sole M.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration of myofibroblastoma of the breast in a man. A report of two cases.
        Acta Cytol. 1992; 36: 194-198
        • Schmitt F.C.
        • Mera A.C.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology presentation of a cellular variant of breast myofibroblastoma. Report of a case with immunohistochemical studies.
        Acta Cytol. 1998; 42: 721-724
        • Amin M.B.
        • Gottlieb C.A.
        • Fitzmaurice M.
        • et al.
        Fine-needle aspiration cytologic study of myofibroblastoma of the breast. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1993; 99: 593-597
        • Tani E.M.
        • Stanley M.W.
        • Skoog L.
        FNA cytology presentation of bilateral mammary fibromatosis: report of a case.
        Acta Cytol. 1988; 32: 555-558
        • Rosen Y.
        • Papasozomenos S.C.
        • Gardner B.
        Fibromatosis of the breast.
        Cancer. 1978; 41: 1409-1413
        • Gump F.E.
        • Sternschein M.J.
        • Wolff M.
        Fibromatosis of the breast.
        Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1981; 153: 57-60
        • Schuh M.E.
        • Radford D.M.
        Desmoid tumor of the breast following augmentation mammaplasty.
        Plast Reconstr Surg. 1994; 93: 603-605
        • Pettinato G.
        • Manivel J.C.
        • Petrella G.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of fibromatosis of the breast. Report of two cases.
        Acta Cytol. 1991; 35: 403-408
        • Zaharopoulos P.
        • Wong J.Y.
        Fine-needle aspiration cytology in fibromatoses.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1992; 8: 73-78
        • el-Naggar A.
        • Abdul-Karim F.W.
        • Marshalleck J.J.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration of fibromatosis of the breast.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1987; 3: 320-322
        • Abraham S.C.
        • Reynolds C.
        • Lee J.H.
        • et al.
        Fibromatosis of the breast and mutations involving the APC/beta-catenin pathway.
        Hum Pathol. 2002; 33: 39-46
        • Wargotz E.S.
        • Norris H.J.
        • Austin R.M.
        • et al.
        Fibromatosis of the breast. A clinical and pathological study of 28 cases.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1987; 11: 38-45
        • McCollough W.M.
        • Parsons J.T.
        • van der Griend R.
        • et al.
        Radiation therapy for aggressive fibromatosis: the experience at the University of Florida.
        J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991; 73: 717-725
        • Montagnese M.D.
        • Roshong-Denk S.
        • Zaher A.
        • et al.
        Granular cell tumor of the breast.
        Am Surg. 2004; 70: 52-54
        • Gibbons D.
        • Leitch M.
        • Coscia J.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology and histologic findings of granular cell tumor of the breast: review of 19 cases with clinical/radiologic correlation.
        Breast J. 2000; 6: 27-30
        • McCluggage W.G.
        • Sloan S.
        • Kenny B.D.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of mammary granular cell tumour: a report of three cases.
        Cytopathology. 1999; 10: 383-389
        • Pieterse A.S.
        • Mahar A.
        • Orell S.
        Granular cell tumor: a pitfall in FNA cytology of breast lesions.
        Pathology. 2004; 36: 58-62
        • Strobel S.L.
        • Shah N.T.
        • Lucas J.G.
        • et al.
        Granular cell tumor of the breast. A cytologic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of two cases.
        Acta Cytol. 1985; 2: 598-601
        • Crawford E.S.
        • DeBakey M.E.
        Granular-cell myoblastoma; two unusual cases.
        Cancer. 1953; 6: 786-789
        • Brebner D.M.
        • Cosmann B.
        • Shapiro J.
        Lipotoma of the breast diagnosed by film and xeromammography.
        S Afr Med J. 1976; 50: 685-688
        • Powell C.M.
        • Cranor M.L.
        • Rosen P.P.
        Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH). A mammary stromal tumor with myofibroblastic differentiation.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1995; 19: 270-277
        • Vicandi B.
        • Jimenez-Heffernan J.A.
        • Lopez-Ferrer P.
        • et al.
        Nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast. Cytologic features.
        Acta Cytol. 1998; 42: 335-341
        • Simsir A.
        • Tsang P.
        • Greenebaum E.
        Additional mimics of mucinous mammary carcinoma: fibroepithelial lesions.
        Am J Clin Pathol. 1998; 109: 169-172
        • Spitz D.J.
        • Reddy V.B.
        • Gattuso P.
        Fine-needle aspiration of pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1999; 20: 323-324
        • Ng W.K.
        • Chiu C.S.C.
        • Han K.C.
        • et al.
        Mammary pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia. A reappraisal of the fine needle aspiration cytology findings.
        Acta Cytol. 2003; 47: 373-380
        • McCluggage W.G.
        • Allen M.
        • Anderson N.H.
        Fine-needle aspiration cytology of mammary pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia.
        Acta Cytol. 1999; 43: 1147-1149
        • Castro C.Y.
        • Whitman G.J.
        • Sahin A.A.
        Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia of the breast.
        Am J Clin Oncol. 2002; 25: 213-216
        • Gupta R.K.
        • Naran S.
        • Dowle C.
        Needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemical study in a case of angiosarcoma of the breast.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1991; 7: 363-365
        • Krishnamurthy S.
        • Ashfaq R.
        • Shin H.J.
        • et al.
        Distinction of phyllodes tumors from fibroadenoma: a reappraisal of an old problem.
        Cancer. 2000; 90: 342-349
        • Rosai J.
        • Dorfman R.F.
        Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: a newly recognized benign clinicopathologic entity.
        Arch Pathol. 1969; 87: 63-70
        • Ng S.B.
        • Tan L.H.
        • Tan P.H.
        Rosai-Dorfman disease of the breast: a mimic of breast malignancy.
        Pathology. 2000; 32: 10-15
        • Green I.
        • Dorfman R.F.
        • Rosai J.
        Breast involvement by extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease: report of seven cases.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1997; 21: 664-668
        • Hummel P.
        • Waisman J.
        • Chhieng D.C.
        • et al.
        Fine needle aspiration cytology of Rosai-Dorfman disease of the breast: a case report.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1999; 21: 287-291
        • Hammond L.A.
        • Keh C.
        • Rowlands D.C.
        Rosai-Dorfman disease in the breast.
        Histopathology. 1996; 29: 582-584
        • Soares F.A.
        • Llorach-Velludo M.A.
        • et al.
        Rosai-Dorfman disease of the breast.
        Am J Surg Pathol. 1999; 23: 359-360
        • Perez-Guillermo M.
        • Sola-Perez J.
        • Rodriguez-Bermejo M.
        Malacoplakia and Rosai-Dorfman disease: two entities of histiocytic origin infrequently localized in the female breast—the cytologic aspect in aspirates obtained via fine-needle aspiration cytology.
        Diagn Cytopathol. 1993; 9: 698-704
        • Eisen R.H.
        • Buckley P.F.
        • Rosai J.
        Immunophenotypic characterization of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease).
        Semin Diagn Pathol. 1990; 7: 74-82
        • Kumarasinghe M.P.
        Cytology of granulomatous mastitis.
        Acta Cytol. 1997; 41: 727-730
        • Pohar-Marinsek Z.
        • Us-Krasovec M.
        Cytomorphology of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
        Acta Cytol. 1996; 40: 1257-1264