It has been known for many years that women who have undergone a breast biopsy for
so-called “fibrocystic disease” have an increased risk of breast cancer [
1
,
2
]. So attempts have been made to classify the spectrum of fibrocystic disease into
reproducible and prognostically relevant categories. These studies have focused on
the relative risk of subsequent development of breast disease in patients who have
fibrocystic disease, based on the histological features in their biopsies. These efforts
have resulted in introducing a new terminology of nonproliferative breast disease,
proliferative breast disease without atypia, and proliferative breast disease with
atypia (atypical hyperplasia); and in defining the specific histologic changes associated
with each category [
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
]. It is generally agreed that nonproliferative breast disease carries no increased
risk. Proliferative breast disease without atypia has slightly increased risk (1.5–2
times), and proliferative breast disease with atypia has moderately increased risk
(4–5 times) for subsequent development of breast cancer. Patients who have carcinoma
in situ have 8 to 10 times the risk of ultimate development of breast cancer [
7
,
8
].To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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