It was estimated that renal cell carcinoma (RCC) would be diagnosed in 32,000 patients
in the United States in 2004, with 11,200 estimated deaths [
1
,
2
]. The incidence and mortality rates for RCC have risen steadily for more than 20 years
among both genders; these trends are not explained by the increased use of abdominal
imaging alone [
[3]
]. Prognosis for patients who have RCC is related to several pathologic features, including
the TNM classification and nuclear grade, which have been incorporated into prognostic
algorithms by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, University of California Los
Angeles (UCLA), and the authors' institution.To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
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