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Review article| Volume 24, ISSUE 2, P455-475, June 2004

Macrolide resistance in Streptococci and Haemophilus influenzae

      Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem among pathogens from respiratory tract infections. β-Lactam resistance rates are escalating among Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae [
      • Jacobs M.R
      • Felmingham D
      • Appelbaum P.C
      • Gruneberg R.N
      The Alexander Project 1998–2000: susceptibility of pathogens isolated from community-acquired respiratory tract infection to commonly used antimicrobial agents.
      ]. Macrolides are increasingly used for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, but their utility is compromised by intrinsic and acquired resistance. This review analyses macrolide-resistance mechanisms and their worldwide distributions in S pneumoniae, S pyogenes, and H influenzae.
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