Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system responds to self-antigens as if they
were foreign. The response may be either humoral, in the form of autoantibody; cellular,
with the production of autoreactive T lymphocytes; or a combination of both. Maternal
autoimmune disease may affect the mother severely. Some autoantibody-driven diseases
may be complicated by transport of the antibody across the placenta, resulting in
fetal or newborn symptoms that mimic the maternal disease. This latter group includes
myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease, autoimmune forms of thrombocytopenia and anemia,
and some complications of systemic lupus erythematosus such as congenital heart block.
Relatively few autoimmune diseases, however, result in pregnancy loss or severe pregnancy
complications.
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Footnotes
☆This article was supported, in part, by US Public Health Services Award HD23697 (to N.S.R.) from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
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© 2003 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
