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Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 405 Irving Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 405 Irving Street, Second Floor, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
] using representational difference analysis a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based
technique that detects unique DNA sequences in lesions that are absent in healthy
tissues recovered from the same patient. HHV-8 is an enveloped DNA virus classified
as a γ2-herpesvirus of the rhadinovirus genus (Fig. 1). Other gammaherpesviruses, including herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) and Epstein–Barr
virus (EBV), are also transforming viruses that produce tumors under experimental
conditions [
]. Polymerase gene sequencing reveals that HHV-8 is most closely related to three rhadinoviruses
that have been newly identified in chimpanzees and gorillas [
]. The genome of HHV-8 has been mapped; examination of selected genomic regions of
HHV-8 present in a large number of cell lines led to the identification of four genotypes
(A–D) [
High-level variability in ORF-K1 membrane protein gene at the left end of the Kaposi's
sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome defines four major virus subtypes and multiple
variants or clades in different human populations.
Comparison of genetic variability at multiple loci across the genomes of the major
subtypes of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus reveals evidence for recombination
and for two distinct types of open reading frame K15 alleles at the right-hand end.
]. The geographic distribution of the HHV-8 variants indicates that the virus may have
diversified under selective pressure and the migration of human population [
High-level variability in ORF-K1 membrane protein gene at the left end of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus genome defines four major virus subtypes and multiple variants or clades in different human populations.
Comparison of genetic variability at multiple loci across the genomes of the major subtypes of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus reveals evidence for recombination and for two distinct types of open reading frame K15 alleles at the right-hand end.
The seroepidemiology of human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus): distribution of infection in KS risk groups and evidence for sexual transmission.
Seroconversion to antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related latent nuclear antigens before the development of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection measured by antibodies to recombinant capsid protein and latent immunofluorescence antigen.
Detection of human herpesvirus 8 DNA in Kaposi's sarcoma lesions and peripheral blood of human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients and correlation with serologic measurements.
Detection and titration of human herpesvirus-8-specific antibodies in sera from blood donors, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients, and Kaposi's sarcoma patients using a whole virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Comparison of human sera reactivities in immunoblots with recombinant human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 proteins associated with the latent (ORF73) and lytic (ORFs 65, K8.1A, and K8.1B) replicative cycles and in immunofluorescence assays with HHV-8-infected BCBL-1 cells.
Detection of human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequences before the appearance of Kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive subjects with a known date of HIV seroconversion.
Koelle D, Huang M, Vieira J. Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus in saliva of human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. Abstract H084 presented at the 36th Intersciences Conference on Antimicrobial Antibiotic Chemotherapy, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1996.
In situ polymerase chain reaction-based localization studies support role of human herpesvirus-8 as the cause of two AIDS-related neoplasms: Kaposi's sarcoma and body cavity lymphoma.
Localization of human herpes-like virus type 8 in vascular endothelial cells and perivascular spindle-shaped cells of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions by in situ hybridization.
Exacerbations of clinical symptoms in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with multicentric Castleman's disease are associated with a high increase in Kaposi's sarcoma herpevirus DNA load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Detection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in peripheral blood cells in human immunodeficiency virus infection: association with Kaposi's sarcoma, CD4 cell count, and HIV RNA levels.
High levels of human herpesvirus 8 viral load, human interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and C reactive protein correlate with exacerbation of multicentric castleman disease in HIV-infected patients.
The Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is present as an intact latent genome in KS tissue but replicates in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of KS patients.
Identification of antigenic proteins encoded by human herpesvirus 8 and seroprevalence in the general population and among patients with and without Kaposi's sarcoma.
The prevalence of serum antibody to human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) among HIV-seropositive and high-risk HIV-seronegative women.
Blood-borne and sexual transmission of human herpesvirus 8 in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection HIV Epidemiology Research Study Group.
Detection of human herpesvirus 8 in cervicovaginal secretions and seroprevalence in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-seropositive and seronegative women.
Detection of the herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in matched specimens of semen and blood from patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma by polymerase chain reaction in situ hybridization.
Frequent detection of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) DNA in Saliva of human immunodeficiency virus-infected men: clinical and immunologic correlates.
Posttransplant human herpes virus 8 infection and seroconversion in a Kaposi's sarcoma affected kidney recipient transplanted from a human herpes virus 8 positive living related donor.
Cancer incidence in 854 kidney transplant recipients from a single institution: comparison with normal population and with patients under dialytic treatment.
Kaposi's sarcoma after renal transplantation—disappearance after reduction of immunosuppression and reappearance 7 years later after start of mycophenolate mofetil treatment.
Spindle cell conversion by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: formation of colonies and plaques with mixed lytic and latent gene expression in infected primary dermal microvascular endothelial cell cultures.
Functional analysis of human herpesvirus 8-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 and its association with cellular interferon regulatory factors and p300.
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes-like virus (human herpesvirus type 8) DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease: is there any relevant association in non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
Transient angiolymphoid hyperplasia and Kaposi's sarcoma after primary infection with human herpesvirus 8 in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Human herpesvirus-8 DNA sequences in human immunodeficiency virus-negative angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and benign lymphadenopathy with giant germinal center hyperplasia and increased vascularity.
Clearance of human herpesvirus 8 from blood and regression of leukopenia-associated aggressive classic Kaposi's sarcoma during interferon-alpha therapy: a case report.
Prospective randomized trial of two dose levels of interferon alfa with zidovudine for the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a Canadian HIV Clinical Trials Network study.
Pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: results of a randomized phase III clinical trial.
