Control of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection is the foremost public
health challenge at the turn of the millennium. Two decades, 22 million fatalities,
and 40 million living victims after its discovery, HIV-1 continues its inexorable
spread. The impact of HIV in much of the world has yet to be fully realized and in
many countries has deeply disrupted social, economic and political order. Some have
managed to reduce the incidence of HIV infection with organized prevention efforts;
however, these limited successes have not been able to avert millions of new infections.
For most of its victims worldwide, HIV-1 is a fatal infection. The advent of highly
active antiretroviral therapy in the mid-1990s has provided a reprieve for many afflicted
in the most developed nations. However, as with other potentially serious viral infections
that have plagued history, a vaccine remains the best hope of ultimately controlling
the HIV pandemic.
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© 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
