The HIV-1 is the best-studied virus affecting humans. Since the first description
of AIDS 20 years ago, dramatic progress has been made in the molecular characterization
of HIV-1 and in the fields of immunology, virology, and pathogeneses of the HIV-1
infection. This knowledge has resulted in new antiviral strategies against HIV-1,
which have resulted in a dramatic decrease in mortality among infected humans in developed
countries. Limited progress has been made in the development of a successful HIV-1
vaccine to prevent infection, however, and this task is still the major goal to halt
the HIV-1 pandemic. The World Health Organization estimates that 36.1 million people
worldwide are living with HIV or AIDS (Table 1). In sub-Saharan Africa alone, 25.3 million people are living with HIV-AIDS. Although
the incidents of new infections has stabilized in this region of the world (3.8 million
in 2000, compared with 4 million in 1999), other regions of the world are seeing increases.
For example, the number of adults and children living with HIV or AIDS in Eastern
Europe and Central Asia was 420,000 in 1999 and has increased to 700,000 by the end
of 2000. Overall, 21.8 million deaths have been attributed to HIV-AIDS. An effective
and affordable vaccine is essential and is the only method to control the continued
spread of HIV-1 worldwide. This article gives an overview about the development of
an HIV-1 vaccine. Tremendous numbers of papers have been published on this topic during
the last 10 years, and this article can only touch on the different directions taken
toward the development of an HIV-1 vaccine, and not give a complete overview of the
entire field.
Table 1Global summary of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, December 2000
| People newly infected with HIV in 2000 | TOTAL | 5.3 million |
| Adults | 4.7 million | |
| Women | 2.2 million | |
| Children <15 y | 600,000 | |
| Number of people living with HIV-AIDS | TOTAL | 36.1 million |
| Adults | 34.7 million | |
| Women | 16.4 million | |
| Children <15 y | 1.4 million | |
| AIDS deaths in 2000 | TOTAL | 3 million |
| Adults | 2.5 million | |
| Women | 1.3 million | |
| Children <15 y | 500,000 | |
| Total number of AIDS deaths since the beginning of the epidemic | TOTAL | 21.8 million |
| Adults | 17.5 million | |
| Women | 9 million | |
| Children <15 y | 4.3 million |
Adapted from the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization
(WHO) AIDS Epidemic Update, December 2000; with permission.
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☆This work was supported in part by Grant No. AI44340 from the National Institutes of Health.
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© 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
